Download WWII

WWII
Isolationist impulse of the 20’s
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No League of Nations
Return to Normalcy
War Debt fiasco
Washington Conference 1921
– Disarmament and Open Door in China
• Kellogg-Briand Pact (War what is it good for,
absolutely nothing)
Bye Bye Philippines…
• Tydings-McDuffie Act in 1934
– Provides for independence of Philippines by 1946
Good Neighbor
• 1933 Pan-American conference
– US supported a resolution declaring that no nation “has the
right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of
another.”
• Marines withdrew from Nicaragua and Haiti in 1934
– Platt amendment in Cuba ends
• Reversal of Wilsonian ideals…FDR seen to be a hero
Reciprocal Trade Agreements
• If you lower your tariffs we will lower ours
– Designed to increase exports
• Cordell Hull was Sec of State negotiated 29
deals by 1945.
• Radically changed foundations of trade…we
were protectionists since Civil War.
America values neutrality
• Whereas the 20’s was a time of disarmament, the 30’s
was a time of militarism
– Japan, Italy, German
• At home they blamed the war profiteers as merchants
of death
– The Nye Investigation
• Neutrality Acts of 1935, ‘36 and ’37.
– Tailored to keep the U.S. out of war-cannot trade w/belligerents
– Marked end of “freedom of seas” policy
– Calamity in Spain (Spanish Civil War 1936-1939)
• Navy was allowed to deteriorate
Not everyone is so “Neutral”
• Japan invades China in 1933
– Japan then violates all of the agreements they made.
– How do we respond?
• Italy invades…Ethiopia?
– Rise of Fascism
• This little guy becomes dictator in Germany
– Starts re-arming and ignoring Versailles
• Rome, Berlin, Tokyo “Axis” formed in 1937
Formative Assessment Time
Can you explain:
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“Isolation” in the 20’s
Good Neighbor
Reciprocal Trade
Philippines
Nye
Neutrality Acts
Effect of Neutrality Acts
Hitler begins the European War
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Annexation of Austria in 1938
Sudentenland and then Munich Conf in 1938
Czechoslovakia and Poland in 1939
What should America do?
Neutrality Act 1939
– “Cash and Carry” begun
1940 was a big year
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Paris Falls
Battle of Britain
What should we do?
Peacetime draft!
Election of 3rd term!
1941
• The “Great Arsenal of Democracy”
– “Lend-Lease”
• President has authority to sell, transfer, exchange, lease, etc. arms
or other equipment to “any country whose defense the President
deems vital to the defense of the U.S.”
• Republicans and Midwest was against
• Hitler was no historian-Invades Russia
– “If Hitler invaded hell, I would at least make a favorable reference to the Devil
in the House of Commons”
• August, 1941…secret meeting…ssshhhhhh!
– Atlantic Charter…kind of like Versailles discussion
• Self-determination, freedom of seas, new international system of
security
Can you recall…
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Austria 1938
Sudentenland
Appeasement
Neutrality of 1939
France
Battle Of Britain
Non-Aggression Pact and what happened
Lend-Lease
Atlantic Charter
Japan had eyes on controlling
Pacific/Asia
• Washington Conference basically gave
them control of the area as the US and
GB decided to shrink presence.
• Began by invading Manchuria
• Then Indochina (Vietnam)
• Then Thailand
• We tell them to stop! (embargo)
• Then it hits the fan…=