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From Benign To Belligerent…Again
The United States and Entry into WWII
What happened to President Wilson’s goal to “make the world safe for democracy?”
 1920s – The League of Nations had met continuously in Switzerland to ensure
peace (without U.S. support)
 1928 – Kellogg-Briand Pact – U.S. pledges not to use military force for aggressive
ends
 But, by 1933 - Fewer people believe that peace established by Treaty of Versailles
would hold up for long. Why?
1. Asia – Japan threatening China
2. Europe –
a. Democracies fail
b. Rise of Fascism—authoritarian and nationalist central government led by
a dictator
i. Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Party comes to power in Germany
ii. Mussolini’s Fascist Party comes to power in Italy
iii. Franco in Spain (causing Civil War in Spain), etc.
How and why did U.S. foreign policy under Hoover and FDR change from
disengagement to neutrality to total involvement?
American Isolationists:
a. Want to avoid war at all costs – especially after rise of dictators in Europe and
Japan
b. Neutrality Acts
i. Neutrality Act of 1935: authorized the U.S. president to prohibit all arms
shipments and to forbid U.S. citizens to travel on the ships of belligerent
nations
ii. Neutrality Act of 1936: forbade the extension of loans and credits to
belligerents
iii. Neutrality Act of 1937: forbade the shipment of arms to the opposing sides in
the Spanish Civil War
Fascist Dictators Become Aggressive
a. Democracies (U.S., France, Great Britain) adopt the policy of APPEASEMENT
i.
Mussolini invades Ethiopia (1936)– League of Nations and U.S. do nothing
ii.
Hitler marches into the Rhineland (1936) and Sudetenland (1938) – openly
defied Treaty of Versailles (Some argue that it used to be German territory so
Hitler has the right)
iii. War between China and Japan erupts. (1937) Japan bombs U.S. gunboat.
Apology accepted.
From Benign To Belligerent…Again
The United States and Entry into WWII
What happened to __________________’s goal to “make the world ___________________?”
 1920s – The ____________________________ had met continuously in _____________
to ensure peace _________________________)
 1928 – _______________________________ – U.S. pledges not to use military force for
___________________ ends.
 But, by 1933 - Fewer people believe that the peace established by __________________
would hold up for long. Why?
1. Asia – _____________________________________
2. Europe –
a. _______________________________
b. ________________________________—_______________ and ___________
central government led by a _________________
i. Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Party comes to power in Germany
ii. Mussolini’s Fascist Party comes to power in Italy
iii. Franco in Spain (causing Civil War in Spain), etc.
How and why did U.S. foreign policy under Hoover and FDR change from _______________
to ________________ to total _________________________?
American Isolationists:
c. Want to avoid war at all costs – especially after rise of _________________________
in Europe and Japan
d. Neutrality Acts
iv. Neutrality Act of 1935: authorized the U.S. president to _____________________
shipments and to forbid U.S. citizens to travel on the ships of ______________
_______________
v. Neutrality Act of 1936: forbade the extension of _________________________ to
belligerent countries
vi. Neutrality Act of 1937: forbade the ___________________ to the opposing sides
in the ___________________________
Fascist Dictators Become Aggressive
b. Democracies (U.S., France, Great Britain) adopt the policy of _____________________
iv.
Mussolini invades ____________ (1936)– League of Nations and U.S. do nothing
v.
Hitler marches into the _______________ (1936) and _________________ (1938)
– openly defied Treaty of Versailles (Some argue that it used to be German
territory so Hitler has the right)
vi.
War between _____________________ erupts. (1937) Japan bombs U.S. gunboat.
Apology accepted.