Download Myers` Psychology for AP*

Myers’ Psychology for AP
David G. Myers
Worth Publishers, © 2010
Unit 1:
Psychology’s History
and Approaches
• What is Psychology?
• Contemporary
Psychology
What movies have you seen with
professional psychologists as
characters?
• kind of work done?
• area of specialty?
• how realistic was characterization?
What is Psychology?
Psychology’s Roots
Prescientific Psychology
• Ancient Greeks
LO #1
Socrates (knowledge
is innate)
Plato (like Socrates,
used logic & opinions)
Aristotle (instead,
derived principles from
observation)
How did each view
knowledge?
Psychology’s Roots
Prescientific Psychology
• Rene Descartes (tried to explain human
functioning but with theories & opinions)
• Francis Bacon (introduced science to study
of human functioning)
• John Locke
(tabula rasa
is a blank slate on which
experience writes)
empiricism
Psychology’s Roots
Psychological Science is Born, p. 4
LO #2
• Wilhelm Wundt (1879)
what happened? (rte)
where? (UL)
how measured?
(hear sound, press key)
Psychology developed into three
different branches, or schools of thought
• structuralism (structural elements)
• functionalism (functions)
• behaviorism (observable behavior)
Psychology’s Roots
Thinking About the Mind’s
STRUCTURE (1890s)
• Edward Titchener
Structuralism
• what was it?
• method?
introspection
Psychology’s Roots
Thinking About the Mind’s
FUNCTION (1890s)
• William James (different from
Titchener how?)
functionalism
Mary Calkins (3 facts)
Margaret Floy Washburn
experimental psychology -
Unit 1 Pop Quiz
(get a piece of paper)
A test of how you react to unexpected
situations
• Q#1: What did you experience when
you learned of the “pop” quiz?
• Q#2: Which thoughts and emotions
were helpful toward performance?
harmful?
• Q#3: What steps might you take to
overcome anxiety when faced with
unexpected situations?
Exercise: Psychologist as Scientist
(p. 6)
List three adjectives that describe a
typical scientist.
List three adjectives that describe a
typical psychologist.
Science:
Where is Psychology?
art
chemistry
___1_________2_________3_________4_________5_________6_________7___
philosophy
physics
Psychological Science Develops
(1920s)
LO #3
• Sigmund Freud (childhood experiences
and unconscious thought processes affect
behavior)
sex
violence
Psychological Science
Develops (1960s)
• Behaviorism
John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
(reinforcement theory
[M&Ms])
“study of observable
behavior”
fidgets
+
GET
something
REMOVE
something
“you be the parent”
(e.g., chores, homework, curfew, etc.)
Behavior Encouraged
Stimulus
presented
+
(get)
Stimulus
removed
or
withheld
–
(remove)
Behavior Suppressed
Psychological Science Develops
1960s
• Humanistic psychology
Carl Rogers (environmental influences, need
for love and acceptance)
** hypocrisy of humanism at UWO **
Abraham Maslow
(hierarchy of needs)
Role Play
humanistic counselor
(person-centered)
and
client
Psychological Science Develops
1960s
• Cognitive Neuroscience
(study of brain functioning)
examples . . .
and my personal favorite . . .
cognitive-behavioral theory
1
Stressful
Think / Feel / Do
Sinful
(Old Adam)
Godly 6
( New Man )
5
3
4
Peaceful
8th Comm.
Wronged
Thought
Anger
Feeling
Accepting /
Peaceful
REVENGE!
Action
Christian
LOVE
7
Example: Cut off by speeding, reckless motorist!
2
Assignment:
In the next 24 hours, recall two
occurrences when you recognize
and then intentionally restructure
your emotional response to a
cognitive event.
Prepare to share one in class.
Psychological Science Develops
• Psychology, p. 7
behavior
(give four examples)
mental processes
(list five)
science
(describe the scientific
process)
Contemporary Psychology
Psychology’s Biggest Question
LO #4
• Nature-Nurture Issue
biology vs. experience
history
• Greeks
• Rene Descartes
• Charles Darwin
natural selection
1. Count off by 6.
2. 1’s, 2’s, etc., group up by number.
3. In two minutes, prepare a 30-second
group response for your debate topic
on p. 9.
LO #5
Psychology’s Three Main
Levels of Analysis
• Levels of Analysis, p. 10
biological –
psychological –
social-cultural –
• Together, they form an integrated
biopsychosocial approach
Psychology’s Three Main Levels of
Analysis
Psychology’s Three Main Levels of
Analysis
Psychology’s Three Main Levels of
Analysis
Psychology’s Three Main Levels of
Analysis
question on
bottom p. 11
Psychological
Approaches/Perspectives
biological
• how observable responses are acquired and
changed
evolutionary
• how behavior and thinking vary across
situations and cultures
psychodynamic
• how the body and brain work to create
emotions, memories, and sensory experiences
behavioral
cognitive
• how behavior springs from unconscious
drives and conflicts
humanistic
• how we encode, process, store and retrieve
information
social-cultural
• how we meet our needs for love and
acceptance, and achieve self-fulfillment
• how the natural selection of traits promoted
the survival of genes
LO #6
Psychology’s Subfields
• psychometrics
• difference between basic and
applied research?
basic research
biological
psychology
• investigates persistent
traits
developmental
psychology
• studies changing
abilities throughout the
life span
educational
psychology
• explores how we view
and affect one another
personality
psychology
• studies influences on
teaching and learning
social
psychology
• explores link between
brain and behavior
applied research
industrial/organizational
psychology
human factors
psychology
counseling
psychology
clinical
psychology
psychiatry
• helps people cope with
adjustments, challenges, and
crises
• used in the workplace to help
companies select and train
employees
• medical doctors who may
prescribe drugs in treatment
• assesses and treats mental,
emotional, and behavior
disorders
• focuses on interaction of
people, machines, and physical
environments
Unit 1 Conclusion
• Organize groups, assign theoretical
orientation and discuss case study (today)
• Groups of 3-4: In less than two minutes: 1)
overview assigned theory, 2) explain case
study behavior, and 3) describe likely
treatment plan for client (Monday)
• Competition Review (Tuesday)
• Unit 1 Test (Wednesday)
• Review the Test / Intro. Unit 2 (Thursday)
Video: Vol. 1, DVD2,
Psychological Disorders #2
Postpartum Psychosis:
The Case of Andrea Yates
(7:00)
Set 5
Behavior of Andrea Yates (p. 9)
Biological / Neuroscience –
Behaviorism –
Humanistic psychology –
Evolutionary psychology –
Psychoanalysis / psychodynamic –
Developmental psychology –
Cognitive psychology –
Set 6
Behavior of Andrea Yates (p. 9)
Biological / Neuroscience –
Behaviorism –
Humanistic psychology –
Evolutionary psychology –
Psychodynamic psychology –
Developmental psychology –
Cognitive psychology –
Colossians 2:8
See to it that no one takes you captive
through hollow and deceptive philosophy,
which depends on human tradition and the
basic principles of this world rather than on
Christ.
http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=WUQYJ77qa50