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MICROSCOPY
Ken Leach
Collins Hill High School
What do microscopes do?
• The forgotten Technology
• An optical instrument that uses a lens or a
combination of lenses to produce
magnified images of small objects,
especially of objects too small to be seen
by the unaided eye. http://www.answers.com/microscope
Confocal
Microscope
Scanning Electron
Microscope
(SEM)
Transmission
Electron
Microscope
(TEM)
A dissection microscope is
light illuminated. The
image that appears is three
dimensional. It is used for
dissection to get a better
look at the larger specimen.
You cannot see individual
cells because it has a low
magnification.
This microscope uses a
laser light. This light is
used because of the
wavelength. Laser light
scan across the specimen
with the aid of scanning
mirrors. Then image is then
placed on a digital
computer screen for
analyzing.
SEM use electron
illumination. The image is
seen in 3-D. It has high
magnification and high
resolution. The specimen is
coated in gold and the
electrons bounce off to
give you and exterior view
of the specimen. The
pictures are in black and
white.
TEM is electron
illuminated. This gives a 2D view. Thin slices of
specimen are obtained. The
electron beams pass
through this. It has high
magnification and high
resolution.
$150 - $10,000
$100-$1500
$20,000-100,000
more than $50.000
more than $50,000
Source of
Radiation
for Image
Formation
visible light
visible light
laser light
electrons
electrons
Medium
air
air
air
vacuum
vacuum
Specimen
mounting
glass slides
none
glass slides with dyed
samples
Mounted on aluminum
stubs and are coated in gold
Thin films of collodion or
other supporting material
on copper grids
Compound
Light
Microscope
Dissection or
Stereoscope
Description
Compound microscopes are
light illuminated. The
image seen with this type
of microscope is two
dimensional. This
microscope is the most
commonly used. You can
view individual cells, even
living ones. It has high
magnification. However, it
has a low resolution.
Costs
http://www.cas.muohio.edu/mbiws/microscopes/types.html
Microviewers
• Inexpsensive?
• Best characteristics is that they alloow the
students to see images that they cannot
see with the school microscope.
• High school microscope magnify up to
400x
• The micrographs on these filmstrips go up
to 200,000x
• Viewer = $9.80 15 filmstrips $177.00
What is It?
• Ant’s head.
What is It?
• This is the face of the
Red Wriggler
earthworm, Eisenia
foetida. Earthworms
burrow through the
soil, eating dead plant
material. As well as
breaking down the
dead plant material
into soil, their burrows
also help aerate it.
What is it?
• Common everyday
items take on a new
dimension at high
magnification. In this
photo, a staple is
seen where it ripped
through the fibers of a
yellow sticky note
paper.
What is It?
• These tiny glass
capsules contain a
liquid scent and are
glued onto paper.
When the paper is
scratched, some of
the capsules are
ruptured and the
scent is released.
What is It?
SNOW
Parts of the Microscope
a Eye piece
b Body tube
c Coarse adjustment knob
d Fine adjustment knob
e Nose piece
f Objective Lens
g Arm
h Aperture
I Stage
j Diaphragm
k Light
l Base
m On/Off Switch
n Stage Clips
Compound
Light
Microscope
a.
b.
e.
h
n.
Scanning = 4X
Low Power = 10X
High Power = 40X
f.
k.
i.
c.
m.
d.
l.
g.
n
j.
Microscope Care & Handling
Importance of care
So why do I need to know how to use the microscope?
• Because microscopes cost several hundred dollars it is
very important to make them last for a long time.
How long will a microscope last if I take good care of it?
• They can last for at least 10 years if you care for the
"scope“.
Microscope Care & Handling
Transporting
When you pick up the microscope and
walk with it, grab the arm with one hand
and place your other hand on the bottom
of the base.
DON'T SWING THE MICROSCOPE !
Handling & Cleaning
• Never touch the lenses with your fingers.
Your body produces an oil that smudges
the glass. This oil can even etch the glass
if left on too long. Use only LENS PAPER
to clean the glass.
• TOILET PAPER, KLEENEX, AND PAPER
TOWELS HAVE FIBERS THAT CAN
SCRATCH THE LENSES.
Storage
• When you are finished with your "scope"
assignment, rotate the nosepiece so that
it's on the low power objective, roll the
nosepiece so that it's all the way down to
the stage, then replace the dust cover.
• DON'T FORGET TO USE PROPER
TRANSPORTING TECHNIQUES!
Clean Up:
• Clean all slides, materials, and work area
when you're done. Please, be careful with
the slides and cover slips. They are made
of glass and if broken, you will get cut and
you will bleed.
POWERS OF MAGNIFICATION
A
POWERS OF MAGNIFICATION
B
POWERS OF MAGNIFICATION
C
POWERS OF MAGNIFICATION
D
This picture = 7x
Scanning = 45x
Low = 112.5x
High = 225x
IN THE GUT OF TERMITES
WHAT NOT TO DO…
Slides to Make
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Hydra
Colored
threads
Letter “e”
Tomato
Potato
Pear
Feather
Pond water
Copepods
Rotifers
Daphnia
Sponge
Sand