Download Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
I. Sediment
A. Introduction
Sedimentary Rocks
I. Sediment
A. Introduction
B. Process that leads to Lithification
Sedimentary Rocks
I. Sediment
A. Introduction
B. Process that leads to Lithification
1) Weathering and Erosion
Sedimentary Rocks
I. Sediment
A. Introduction
B. Process that leads to Lithification
1) Weathering and Erosion
2) Transportation
Sedimentary Rocks
I. Sediment
A. Introduction
B. Process that leads to Lithification
1) Weathering and Erosion
2) Transportation
3) Deposition
Sedimentary Rocks
B. Process that leads to Lithification
1) Weathering and Erosion
2) Transportation
3) Deposition
4) Lithification
Sedimentary Rocks
B. Process that leads to Lithification
1) Weathering and Erosion
2) Transportation
3) Deposition
4) Lithification
*cementation and compaction
Sedimentary Rocks
II. Composition of Sed. Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
II. Composition of Sed. Rocks
A. Clay
Sedimentary Rocks
II. Composition of Sed. Rocks
A. Clay (multiple meanings)
1. size (0.004 mm)
Sedimentary Rocks
II. Composition of Sed. Rocks
A. Clay (multiple meanings)
1. size (0.004 mm)
2. Mineralogy
Sedimentary Rocks
II. Composition of Sed. Rocks
A. Clay (multiple meanings)
1. size (0.004 mm)
2. Mineralogy
* kaolinite
Sedimentary Rocks
II. Composition of Sed. Rocks
A.
Clay (multiple meanings)
1. size (0.004 mm)
2. Mineralogy
* kaolinite
*illite
Sedimentary Rocks
1. size (0.004 mm)
2. Mineralogy
* kaolinite
*illite
*montmorillonite
Sedimentary Rocks
II. Composition of Sed.
Rocks
A. Clay
B. Quartz (SiO2)
“flint”, “chert”
High Temp
(1300 C) Olivine
Ca Plagioclase Feldspar
Pyroxene
Ca-Na Plagioclase Feldspar
Amphibole
Biotite
Na-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar
Na Plagioclase Feldspar
Orthoclase Feldspar
Muscovite
Low Temp
(600 C)
Quartz
Sedimentary Rocks
II. Composition of Sed.
Rocks
A. Clay
B. Quartz
C. Calcite (CaCO3)
Sedimentary Rocks
II. Composition of Sed. Rocks
A. Clay
B. Quartz
C. Calcite
D. Other Minerals…..
Sedimentary Rocks
III. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
A. Detrital (Clastic)
Sedimentary Rocks
III. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
A. Detrital (Clastic)
B. Chemical
Sedimentary Rocks
III. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
A. Detrital (Clastic)
B. Chemical
C. Biochemical
Sedimentary Rocks
IV. Morphology (texture)
A. Definition of texture:
“the size and shape of the particle that
make up the rock.”
Sedimentary Rocks
IV. Morphology (texture)
A. Definition of texture:
“the size and shape of the particle that
make up the rock.”
B. Size
Wentworth Scale
Sedimentary Rocks
IV. Morphology (texture)
A. Definition of texture:
“the size and shape of the particle that
make up the rock.”
B. Size
C. Shape
Sedimentary Rocks
C. Shape
1. Roundness
Sedimentary Rocks
C. Shape
1. Roundness
2. Sphericity
Sedimentary Rocks
IV. Morphology (texture)
D. Maturity
Sedimentary Rocks
V. Types of Sedimentary Rocks
A. “The Model” for clastic rocks
A.
“The Model”
B. Descriptions of individual clastic rocks
Breccia
Conglomerate
B. Descriptions of individual clastic rocks
Arkose
Graywacke
Quartz Sandstone
B. Descriptions of individual clastic rocks
Siltstone
Shale/Mudstone
C.
Chemical and Biochemical Rocks
Limestones
Micrite
Calcarenite
Limestones
Chalk
Coquina
Fossiliferous
Limestones
Oolitic
C.
Chemical and Biochemical Rocks
Limestones
Dolomites
C.
Chemical and
Biochemical Rocks
Chert
Coal (Bituminous)
C.
Chemical and Biochemical Rocks
Evaporites (Halite and
Gypsum)
Sedimentary Rocks
VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks
VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks
A. Bedding
Bedding
Sedimentary Rocks
VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks
A. Bedding
B. Mud Cracks
Sedimentary Rocks
VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks
A. Bedding
B. Mud Cracks
C. Ripple Marks
Sedimentary Rocks
VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks
A. Bedding
B. Mud Cracks
C. Ripple Marks
D. Cross Bedding
Sedimentary Rocks
VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks
A. Bedding
B. Mud Cracks
C. Ripple Marks
D. Cross Bedding
E. Graded Bedding
Sedimentary Rocks
VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks
A. Bedding
B. Mud Cracks
C. Ripple Marks
D. Cross Bedding
E. Graded Bedding
F. Fossils
VII. Marine Transgressions and Regressions