Download Colloquium on Environmental Aspects of Aviation

Towards sustainable aviation
A view of the environmental NGOs
Beatrice Schell
Director T&E*
T&E represents a coalition of international NGOs that have observer status in CAEP since
1998
International Coalition for Sustainable
Aviation
• First international environmental coalition to
have observer status in CAEP
• Environmental NGOs have participatory
rights in all UN processes, e.g. climate
change, CSD …
Our mission statement …
… A structured international network of
environmental NGOs who share a
common concern with the problems of air
quality, climate change and noise in
relation to aviation, and are committed to
developing and providing technical
expertise and common policy strategies to
the work of ICAO, with a view to reducing
emissions and noise from the aviation
sector.
Why did we get mobilised?
• IPCC findings: strong growth in aviation emissions
• Kyoto outcome: bunker fuels
• EU-wide developments (Amsterdam treaty, integration
process,etc.)
• US: NOx discussions
• ICAO/CAEP developments on environmental issues
IPCC findings!
•
Strong growth in emissions could jeopardise
reductions elsewhere
–
–
•
CO2, NOx, H2O, contrails, sulphate and soot = 3.5% of total
radiative forcing by all anthropogenic activities
Total radiative forcing by 2050 4 to 15%
Mitigation measures needed for all greenhouse
gases!
Charges and taxes, trading, modal shift, subsidies
removal …
…Technological (<50%) and operational (<18%)
improvements alone will not be sufficient to offset the
effects of increased emissions
The Kyoto process
Article 2.2 and decision 2/CP3
Conference of the parties:
– Discussion on methodologies
– Allocation?
– ICAO secretariat report-back
EU developments
Principles
Amsterdam Treaty
articles 2 & 6
Integrate
environmental
objectives in all sectors
Polluter/user pays
De-linking transport
and economic growth
Facts
Communiction on air
transport and
environment
White Paper on
Infrastructure Charging
White Paper on Common
Transport Policy
European Climate Change
Programme
US developments
• NOx standards
• Airport policies
Developments in CAEP/ICAO
• Market based measures will only achieve
limitation/reduction in emissions if :
– Targets
– Enforcement and control mechanisms
– World-wide
– E.g.: emissions charge in the short term
Why emissions charges?
• No serious legal obstacles, easy to implement in
the short term;
• Maximise technological improvement, optimise
aircraft design / load factors, improve flight
operations and reduce number of km flown;
• US$ 0.20 per litre of fuel => aviation emissions
will double by 2025, rather than triple.
Reflection on developing nations
• Exempt for political reasons
• Responsibility lies ultimately with
developed nations
• Revenues could be used to compensate
economic sectors and countries that are
affected
OUR RECOMMENDATIONS
NO VOLUNTARY AGREEMENTS IN ICAO
CHARGES IN THE SHORT TERM
LONG TERM EXTENSION CHARGE AND/OR
POSSIBLY DEVELOPMENT OF EMISSIONS TRADING
SYSTEM IN ACCORDANCE WITH KP