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Scope of Climate Change
Related Statistics
Meeting on climate change related statistics for producers and users
UNECE Task Force
Geneva, Switzerland, 19-20 November 2012
Julie L. Hass, Ph.D.
Statistics Norway
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Who is attending this meeting?
Work areas? Producer – User?
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National Statistical Offices
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Others?
Ministries/Agency of Environment
Research Institutes and
consultants
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GHG emissions inventories
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Others?
Environment statistics
Other statistics – labor force,
health
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Why are we talking about this?
- Need for comprehensive information/data
- Many different needs, producers and users
- Need for communication and coordination
- Experience from work on Sustainable
Development
What are we talking about?
… Change, Climate, Statistics/Official Statistics
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What is “Change”?
• Change – measured over time (Dy/Dx)
• Statistical System’s core competence is the development
and maintenance of data for
consistent time series!
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Seasonal adjustments
Temperature corrected
Monetary time series (“constant prices”)
Monetary comparisons between countries
(Purchasing Power Standards)
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What is “Climate”?
• Climate is the description of the long-term
pattern of weather in a particular area.
• Average weather for a particular region and
time period (typically 30 years)
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Climate Statistics:
Global Climate Observing System
Domain
Atmospheric
(over land, sea
and ice)
44 Essential Climate Variables (ECV) (selected)
Surface: Air temperature, Precipitation, Air pressure
Upper-air: Radiation, Upper-air temperature, Water
vapour, Cloud properties, etc.
Composition: Carbon dioxide, Methane, Ozone, etc.
Oceanic
Surface: Sea-surface temperature/salinity, Sea level,
Sea state, Sea ice, Current, Ocean colour
Sub-surface: Temperature, Salinity, Current, etc.
Terrestrial
River discharge, Water use, Ground water, Lake
levels, Snow cover, Glaciers and ice caps,
Permafrost, Land cover, Soil moisture, etc.
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What is “Climate Change” ?
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Typically addressed from a natural science perspective
Examples:
Changes in global temperature
Change in sea levels
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UNFCCC – defines climate change
• Article 1: “…a change of climate which is attributed directly
or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of
the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural
climate variability observed over comparable time periods.
• Through the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
programs to address this challenge are developed.
• Focus on composition of the global atmosphere…
especially on emissions of greenhouse gases
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How does official statistics enter this picture?
• Statistical system
focuses mostly on activities
from a human perspective
• Built originally with a focus on sector
policy needs – such as agriculture or education policy
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Climate Change related Statistics
• New user groups – with different user needs
• New types of analyses are needed
• Statistical system – multi-purpose data systems serving
user needs: Collect data once, use many times
• New uses for some existing statistics:
• Foundation for the calculations for greenhouse gas
emissions
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Greenhouse gas emissions inventories:
Foundation from Official Statistics
Economic
Statistics
Energy
Statistics
Production
Statistics
Land use /
cover
Agriculture
Statistics
Waste
Statistics
Forestry
Statistics
Transport
Statistics
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Need from statistical system:
(Activity Data) x (Emissions Factors)
=
physical unit
Emissions/physical unit
Emissions
Typically from statistics
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Agriculture
Grazing patterns,
Manure management
Numbers,
types and ages
of livestock
Types of crops
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Use/improve existing information rather
than establish new reporting systems
The Statistical System…
• is the only world-wide, comprehensive, multi-layer
information system covering a spectrum of social,
economic, environmental and institutional themes.
• has the responsibility for and control over definitions,
classifications, nomenclatures, methodologies, accounting
standards and data quality.
• needs to know what is being used and anticipate future
needs for data use and analysis.
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Health statistics
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Re-occurrence of diseases no
longer in areas, for example
malaria in Europe
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New diseases
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Changes in current trends
“Extreme events”
(heat waves, storms, etc.)
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Water
… or the lack of it
And resulting land use
land cover changes,
and soil degradation.
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Crop production patterns
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Jobs…
“Green Jobs”
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Population / Demographics / Migration
Types of “households”
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Boundaries for Climate Change related Statistics
• What to include and exclude?
• Is everything related to climate change?
• Explored this using different frameworks to see if these
could help us determine the definition / boundary / scope of
climate change related statistics.
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Driving forces – Pressure – State – Impacts – Response (DPSIR)
Mitigation, impact and adaptation
Framework for the Development of Environmental Statistics (FDES)
Natural capital
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