Download ITU-T in a Nutshell

ITU-T Workshop on BSG
Standardization and
Climate Change
Arthur Levin
Chief, ITU-TSB
29 June 2010
Cyberjaya, Malaysia
May 2010
1
UN identified “it’s critical”
“Climate Change is a global challenge that the
world cannot lose.”
Dr Hamadoun I. Touré
ITU Secretary-General, 13 November 2008
“Climate change is the defining challenge of our era.
ITU’s work to cut greenhouse gas emissions,
develop standards and use ‘e-environment’ systems
can speed up the global shift to a low-carbon
economy.
Ban Ki-moon
United Nations Secretary-General, 12 November
2008
May 2010
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Why ICTs Matter
 ICTs (excluding
broadcasting)
contribute an
estimated 2-3% of
global Greenhouse
Gas emissions
 Around 0.9 ton
GtCO2e in 2007
 Telecoms
contributed around
one quarter of this
total
 Airplanes and
Source: Gartner Group
shipping about 3%
each
May 2010
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Did you Know?

Facebook alone uses an amount of capacity more than the entire
Internet in 2000

It is estimated that the total electricity used in powering and cooling the 2
million servers of the 5 major search engines is around 5 gigawatts – which is
the same amount of power used by the city of Las Vegas on the hottest day of
the year

The Google data center in Oregon (US) consumes as much electricity each day
as the city of Geneva


Data centers consumer more electricity than Argentina or the Netherlands

Between 16-50 Megatons of waste PCs and monitors are disposed of each year.
This is enough to fill a container train of length equal to the circumference of the
earth

100 million customers receiving online phone bills would save 109,100 ton of
CO2
Whereas 80 Kg. of copper per line and per Km. were necessary in 1915 to carry
a signal, only 0.01g of glass are sufficient today, a factor of 8 million
May 2010
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What trends do ICTs have at the
device level?
 Market doubles every 5 years
 E.g. Broadband expanding to more users
 Until market saturates
 Then upgrades replace “obsolete” devices
 New devices become a “must have”
 E.g. HDTV, Smartphones
 Annual growth rate of internet traffic is high
 1.8 billion Internet users worldwide
 4.6 billion mobile subscriptions
 Highest growth in data traffic; Internet of things
 All three trends increase ICT demand for energy
 the GeSI Smart 2020 report predicts growth in ICTs energy use
of 70% over the period 2007-2020
May 2010
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REDUCING ICT SECTOR
EMISSIONS
PCs:
Data Centres:
> Efficiency gains and longer product life.
> Shift from desktops to laptops
> Shift from CRT to LCD screens
> Potential breakthroughs – solid state hard drives,
new LCD screens, new battery technology,
quantum and optical computing
> Higher rates of virtualisation; more efficient
virtualisation architectures
> Low energy cooling
> “Utility”/“cloud” computing, Software as a
service
REDUCING ICT
SECTOR EMISSIONS
Telecoms Devices :
> “Smart” chargers
> 1W or lower standby devices
> Broadband routers and IPTV boxes’ footprint
increases over timeframe due to higher penetration
from small base today
Telecoms Infrastructure:
> New network management tools
> Network optimisation packages
> Solar-powered base stations
> Potential breakthroughs – night battery operation,
natural ventilation, “network sharing”
May 2010
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The ICT Enabling Effect
 ICT responsible for 2-3% of global CO2
emissions
 How can we reduce ICT own emissions
 Next Generation Networks
 ICT key to reduce the other 97% of CO2
emissions
 The enabling effect by a factor of five
 ICT as key enabler to reduce emissions
in other sectors
May 2010
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GREEN By ICT
The opportunities
where ICT could play a
driving role include:
• Smart grid
• Smart buildings
• Smart logistics
• Smart motor systems
• Dematerialisation
May 2010
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DEMATERIALISATION
The substitution of high
carbon products and
activities with low carbon
alternatives:
> Replacing face-to-face meetings
with tele- and videoconferencing
> Remote working
> Paper with email/online billing
> CDs with online music
May 2010
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Virtual Symposium on ICT&CC
 Proved that this notion is actually feasible
 Date: 23 Sept. 2009
 Some statistics
 23 speakers/moderators, out of which 19
participated virtually
 422 participated virtually out of total 580
 People from 49 countries participated
 Around 65 People from 25 developing countries
participated virtually
 17 people participated from the Americas in spite of
inconvenient time
 Details are available at:
http://www.itu.int/ITUT/worksem/climatechange/200909/index.html
May 2010
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Role of Standards: ITU
 Develop a methodology to measure impact of
ICTs as part of national GHG reduction programs
 Identify priority sectors where ICTs can reduce
emissions (e.g. smart buildings)
 Grow the ICT industry in an environmentally
friendly manner
 Disposal of ICTs
May 2010
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Focus Groups

Flexible and Open

Works on a well-defined topic, scheduled for completion at a
specific time

Goal: encourage participation of non-members/members of
other forums

FG has lots of freedom to establish its own rules


Can keep own brand name and at the same time benefit from
ITU’s branding
Output of FG: “ITU Deliverable” (not ITU-T Recommendation)

However, output of FG can be input to a study group to make it
an ITU-T Recommendation
May 2010
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FG on ICT & CC
Deliverables
 Deliverable 1: Definition
 Defines the terms needed to analyze the major relationships
between ICTs and Climate Change
 Deliverable 2: Gap analysis and standards roadmap
 Shows ongoing work (done by ITU, other standard bodies,
universities, etc.) and future study issues
 Deliverable 3: Methodologies
 Covers the assessment of ICT sector’s emission over the entire
life cycle of ICT devices
 Also covers reducing other sector’s emission by the use of ICT
 Deliverable 4: Direct and Indirect Impact of ITU Standards
 Provides tools and guidelines to evaluate the reduction of
emission of ICT sector and of other sector by the use of ICT
May 2010
13
Related Study Groups (SGs)
Study Group 5 is the lead Study Group on ICTs and climate
change
 For reduction of emission of ICT
 SG 5: recycling of ICT equipments and facilities
 SG 13: NGN, which requires 40% less power
 SG 15: standardization for low power devices
 For improvement of energy efficiency by the use of ICT
 SG 16: multimedia systems for video conferences for replacing
travel
 SG 16: Intelligent Transport System (ITS)
 JCA on network aspects of ID systems (including RFID)
 Other related activities
 SG 2: disaster relief and emergency services
May 2010
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SG 5 established 5 work areas
 Q.17/5: Coordination and Planning of ICT&CC related
standardization
 Q.18/5: Methodology of environmental impact
assessment of ICT
 Q.19/5: Power feeding systems
 Q.20/5: Data collection for Energy Efficiency for ICTs
over the lifecycle
 Q.21/5: Environmental protection and recycling of ICT
equipments/facilities
May 2010
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Methodology
 Q.18 initiated the following work items:
 Methodology for environmental impact assessment
of
 general umbrella
 ICT goods and services
 ICT projects
 ICT within organizations
 ICT within countries
May 2010
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Universal charger
 ITU approved new
Recommendation L.1000
 Delivers 50% reduction in
standby energy
consumption, eliminates
51,000 ton of redundant
chargers, and cuts GHG
emissions by 13.6 million
ton CO2 annually
 Current version covers
charger for mobile terminals
but will cover other ICT
devices in future
May 2010
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GLOBAL FRAMEWORK
 2005
Kyoto Protocol came into effect
 Annex 1 (developed countries) to reduce GHG emissions in period
2008-12; a reduction of 5% against 1990 baseline
– aviation and shipping were excluded
 Protocol established Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
 allows parties to earn and trade emission credits through
projects either in developed or developing countries
 ICT not recognized for projects
 2012
First commitment period under Kyoto Protocol will
expire
May 2010
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TOWARD A NEW GLOBAL
FRAMEWORK
2009 COP-15 meets in Copenhagen
•
•
•
•
•
Plenary “takes note” of the Copenhagen Accord
12 paragraphs of text (started with 200 pages)
More than100 countries have now signed up
Annex I commitments are all conditional on a new global agreement
Work on underlying Agreement continues
2010 COP-16 in Mexico
May 2010
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