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Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems What are the 3 types of muscle tissue? • Skeletal muscles • Smooth muscles • Cardiac muscles cell-tissue-organorgan system-organism • smallest/first/least complex – organ – organism – tissue – organ system – cell • largest/last/most complex What are the 5 characteristics of living things? • • • • • Are made of cells Use energy Grow and develop Respond to stimuli Have the ability to reproduce joints • a place where two bones come together pivot joint • joints that have one bone that rotates in a ring of another bone that does not move Examples: • turning your head • twisting your forearm epidermis the outermost layer of the skin hinge joints tendons a strong connective tissue that connects muscles to bones bone • solid living tissue that makes up the skeleton and supports the body voluntary muscles muscles that are under your control • skeletal muscles smooth muscle • Moves substances through the body • Found in walls of internal organs (intestines, bladder, stomach, blood vessels) • involuntary muscles red bone marrow • • • the part of a bone that produces blood cells red marrow makes blood cells yellow marrow is mostly fat pivot joint hinge joints • joints that move in a back-and-forth movement • joints that have a smaller range of motion and are not dislocated as easily Examples: • knees • elbows • fingers cartilage • a soft, flexible tissue that makes up most of the skeleton of an infant and is found in the nose, ears, and the at the end of long bones of adults ball-and-socket joint • joints that consist of a bone with a rounded end that fits into a cuplike cavity on another bone • joint that provides a wide range of motion. Examples: • shoulders • hips organ • A group of tissues that work together to perform a function or task ligaments • a strong connective tissue that holds bones together at movable joints melanin the pigment that gives skin its color tissue • a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function involuntary muscles muscles that are not under your control • smooth muscles, cardiac muscles gliding joint • joints that have one part of a bone that slides over another bone Examples: • Wrists • Ankles • Between vertebrae gliding joint relaxes when a muscle returns to its original length immovable joint • a joint which allows little or no movement Examples: • skull • pelvis fatty layer The inner-most layer of skin. Also called the subcutaneous layer. organ system • a group of organs that work together to perform a complex function dermis the inner layer of the skin immovable joint ball-and-socket joint cardiac muscle • Moves blood through the body • Found only in the heart • Involuntary muscle hair follicles structures in the skin where hair grows skeletal muscles • Attach to bones to provide movement • Blinking eyes, talking, breathing, eating, dancing and writing all produced by these muscles • Voluntary muscles contracts when a muscle gets shorter sweat pores openings in the skin where sweat comes out sweat gland • Can unicellular organisms have tissues, organs, or organ systems? • No. Tissues are made of more than one cell. yes • Can an organ belong to more than one organ system? • For example, the large intestine is part of both the digestive and excretory systems. organ systems • Which are more complex, organ systems or organs? organs • Which are more complex, tissues or organs? tissues • Which are more complex, tissues or cells? function (job) What is the shape of a cell usually related to? digestive system • the group of organs that breaks down food into molecules that are small enough to be absorbed by and transported throughout the body Lymphatic System Name the organ system that: • collects and returns lymph to the circulatory system • filters bacteria and disease-causing organisms Lymphatic System Name the organs of this system. • lymph nodes • If the lymphatic system didn't drain the excess fluid from the tissues, the lymph fluid would build up in the body's tissues and they would swell. lymph • a clear, watery fluid containing white blood cells, protein molecules, salts, glucose, urea, and other substances; • comes from body tissues and circulates throughout the lymphatic system lymphatic system • the system by which lymph is returned from the cells to the blood and by which white blood cells are produced in response to inflammation or presence of antigens (antigens stimulate the production of antibodies) lymph nodes • 95. areas of tissue that filter diseasecausing organisms in lymph; found in clusters in the neck, armpit, and groin area lymphocyte white blood cells • the type of blood cells that help the body fight disease by attacking invading microorganisms and making antibodies to fight infection