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Chapter 22 Physical Therapy Skills © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Career Highlight • Physical therapy assistants are valuable members of the health care team • Education requirements • Licensure in most states • Duties performed • Required skills © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning 22:1 Performing Range-of-Motion (ROM) Exercises • Purposes of ROM • Problems caused by lack of movement and activity – – – – – Contracture of muscles Muscle and joint function Circulatory impairment Mineral loss Other problems (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning 22:1 Performing Range-of-Motion (ROM) Exercises (continued) • Types of ROM – – – – Active ROM Active assistive ROM Passive ROM Resistive ROM (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Performing Range-of-Motion (ROM) Exercises (continued) • Proper terms for movement of each joint; see Fig. 22-3 in text • Principles to observe while performing ROM © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning 22:2 Transfer (Gait) Belts, Crutches, Canes, or Walkers • Patients may require aids, or assistive devices, for ambulation • Type used depends on injury and patient’s condition • Certain points must be observed when a patient uses crutches, canes, a walker, or a transfer belt (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Transfer (Gait) Belts, Crutches, Canes, or Walkers (continued) • Remain alert at all times while ambulating • Transfer (gait) belt • Basic principles for ambulating a patient with a transfer belt • Crutches—artificial supports • Basic principles for ambulating a patient with crutches (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Transfer (Gait) Belts, Crutches, Canes, or Walkers (continued) • Cane—provides balance and support • Basic principles for ambulating a patient with a cane • Walker—has four legs • Basic principles for ambulating a patient with a walker © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Summary • • • • Always check ambulation aids before using Make sure aid is properly fitted to patient Use gait taught by therapist Be alert to patient safety at all times © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning 22:3 Administering Heat/Cold Applications • Cryotherapy—use of cold for treatment • Applied to the skin – Pain relief – Reduce swelling – Control bleeding • Moist cold • Dry cold (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Administering Heat/Cold Applications (continued) • Thermotherapy—use of heat for treatment • Applied to the skin – – – – – Pain relief Increase drainage and stimulate healing Fight infection and increase circulation Muscle spasm relief Increase muscle mobility (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Administering Heat/Cold Applications (continued) • Moist heat • Dry heat • Effect of heat and cold applications on blood vessels • Doctor’s order is required for a heat or cold application (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Administering Heat/Cold Applications (continued) • • • • Checkpoints while application in place Alertness required Safety precautions Standard precautions (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Administering Heat/Cold Applications (continued) • Basic principles for applying an ice bag or ice collar • Basic principles for applying a warm-water bag (continues) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Administering Heat/Cold Applications (continued) • Basic principles for applying an aquathermia pad • Basic principles for applying a moist compress • Basic principles for administering a sitz bath © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Summary • Doctor’s order required for all heat or cold applications • Follow correct procedures to prevent injury to patient • Check patient and condition of skin frequently © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning