Download Human Disease Ch 11

Chapter 11
Diseases of the Reproductive
System
Female Organs and Function



Ovaries– store and mature eggs, release into
fallopian tubes with help of frimbriae
Fallopian tubes – transport mature egg to
uterus for expelling or fertilization
Uterus – supply womb for fetal growth, blood
supply for placenta or lining for release during
menstruation
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
1





Bartholin’s glands – secrete mucous for
lubrication during sex
Hymen – membranous fold covering closing
the vaginal opening
Breasts – accessory organs used for
production of milk
Vagina - Birth canal
Cervix – opening of uterus for entry of sperm
or exit for birth
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
2
Male Organs and Function




Prostate gland – secretes fluid to lubricate
sperm
Penis – pathway for sperm, urine, contains
the muscle which becomes erect for sex
Seminiferous tubules – Sperm development
Epididymis – Sperm enter after reaching
maturity (coiled tube)
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
3



Vas deferens – store sperm for up to several
weeks – enters the abdominal cavity, then
into prostate for ejaculation through urethra
Scrotum- sac containing testis, epididymis
Testis – store the hormones, and future
sperm which when ready to mature will enter
seminiferous tubules
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
4
Signs and Symptoms



PID – lower abdominal pain, fever, vaginal
discharge can have an odor, painful
intercourse, painful urination, irregular
bleeding
Fibroid tumors of uterus – Some have no
symptoms, excessive vaginal bleeding, pelvic
pressure, abdominal pain, abdominal
enlargement, pain during intercourse
Breasts cysts – Tiny- fluid filled sacs in
breast tissue
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
5






Fibroadenoma – Solid, firm tumor, usually
painless
Amenorrhea – No menstrual period
Dysmenorrhea – cramping, dull to severe
pelvic and lower back pain
Menorrhagia – Excessive or prolonged
bleeding during period
Metrorrhagia – Bleeding between periods,
extreme irregularity of cycle
PMS – Breast swelling and tenderness, acne,
bloating, weight gain, headache, joint pain,
food cravings, mood swings, fatigue, anxiety,
depression, trouble sleeping
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
6



PDD – (dysphoric) – Feelings of sadness or
despair, tension or anxiety, panic attacks,
mood swings, anger that affects others,
disinterest in relationships or daily activities,
lack of focus, tiredness, food cravings, trouble
sleeping, bloating, breast tenderness,
headaches, joint pain, muscle pain
Endometriosis – Pelvic pain, diarrhea,
constipation, abdominal bloating,
menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, fatigue
Ectopic pregnancy – Lower abdominopelvic
pain, amenorrhea, metrorrhagia, nausea,
breast tenderness, back pain, shock, sudden
pain
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
7



Spontaneous abortion – Miscarriage – low
back pain, abdominal pain, cramping, vaginal
bleeding, clotlike discharge
Preeclampsia – Mild: HBP, protein in urine;
Severe: also includes headache, blurred
vision, fatigue, photophobia, nausea,
vomiting, urinating small amounts, pain in
upper right abdomen, SOB, bruise easily
Gestational Diabetes – Maternal
hypertension, polyhudroamnios, excessive
weight gain during last 6 months, fetus large
for gestational age
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
8



Prostatitis – Acute: fever, chills, flu
symptoms, pain in gland, lower back or groin
pain, urinary problems, painful ejaculation,
blood-tinged urine; Chronic: urgent urination,
frequent urination, pain or burning during
urination, pelvic pain, back pain, occasional
blood in urine or semen, fever, painful
ejaculation, recurring bladder infections.
Orchitis – testicular swelling, pain,
tenderness, nausea, vomiting, fever, penile
discharge, enlarged prostate and tenderness
STDs – gonhorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia,
trichomoniasis, herpes, HPV and genital
warts
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
9




Menopause- hot flashes, night sweats,
trouble sleeping, mood swings, trouble
focusing, hair loss or thinning, facial hair
growth, vaginal dryness
Uterine prolapse- Feelings of heaviness in
pelvic area, urinary stress incontinence, lower
back pain
Cystocele – Pelvic pressure, urinary
urgency, frequency, incontinence
Rectocele – Discomfort, constipation, fecal
incontinence
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
10


BPH – Night urination urge, frequent bladder
need, difficulty urinating, urine stream
decreases
Erectile dysfunction - Inability to achieve
and maintain an erection sufficient for
intercourse
Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
11