* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Infection Control Techniques
Survey
Document related concepts
Diseases of poverty wikipedia , lookup
Epidemiology wikipedia , lookup
Focal infection theory wikipedia , lookup
Marburg virus disease wikipedia , lookup
Hygiene hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
Eradication of infectious diseases wikipedia , lookup
Transmission (medicine) wikipedia , lookup
Sterilization (microbiology) wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
PowerPoint® to accompany Medical Assisting Chapter 20 Second Edition Ramutkowski Booth Pugh Thompson Whicker Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Infection-Control Techniques Objectives 20-1 Describe the three levels of infection control. 20-2 Compare and contrast the procedures for sanitization, disinfection and sterilization. 20-3 Describe measures used in sanitization. 29-4 List various methods used in disinfection and the advantages and disadvantages of each. 20-5 Explain what an autoclave is and how it operates. 20-6 List the steps in the general autoclave procedures. 2 Infection-Control Techniques Objectives (cont.) 20-7 Explain how to wrap and label items for sterilization in an autoclave. 20-8 Describe how to complete the sterilization procedure using an autoclave. 20-9 Describe four other methods for sterilizing instruments. 20-10 List some infectious diseases, and identify their signs and symptoms. 3 Infection-Control Techniques Objectives (cont.) 20-11 Describe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention requirements for reporting cases of infectious disease. 20-12 Describe CDC guidelines for patient isolation. 20-13 Explain the purpose of immunization. 20-14 Describe your role in educating patients about immunizations. 4 Introduction Patients coming to the office for treatment may be more susceptible to infections. Importance of immunizations and patient education is stressed as a method of infection control. You will be introduced to identifying infectious diseases, reporting guidelines and how to isolate patients. 5 Medical Assistant’s Role in Infection Control Follow correct sanitization, disinfection and sterilization procedures Help patient understand basic disease prevention Administer immunizations and educate patients about immunizations 6 Three Levels of Infection Control Sanitization – cleaning and scrubbing instruments and equipment to remove contaminated materials and microorganisms Disinfection – second level used on instruments and equipments that come in contact with intact mucous membrane Sterilization – complete destruction of all microorganismspathogenic, beneficial, and harmless- surface of instrument and equipment 7 Sanitization Methods Collecting instruments – place in container with water and neutral pH detergent until you can get to them. Use utility gloves always and mask, eye protection and protective clothing if blood, body fluids or tissue are present 8 Sanitization Methods (cont.) Drain disinfectant or detergent solution Rinse each piece under hot running water Scrub each item using hot, soapy water and small plastic brush Pay careful attention to hinges, ratchets and nooks 9 Sanitization Methods (cont.) Rinse instruments individually and place each one on a clean towel. Roll all instruments in the towel to remove moisture Place instruments either in trays or bins for storage or wrap for sterilization 10 Apply Your Knowledge What is the difference between sanitization and sterilization? 11 Apply Your Knowledge -Answer What is the difference between sanitization and sterilization? Sanitization is the cleaning and scrubbing instruments and equipment to remove contaminated materials and microorganisms. Sterilization is the complete destruction of all microorganisms -pathogenic, beneficial, and harmless - from the surface of instruments and equipment. 12 Disinfection Wear gloves when handling instruments. Disinfection solution must cover every surface. Used if instrument does not penetrate a patient’s skin or mucous membranes Enamelware Endotracheal tubes Glassware Laryngoscopes and nasal specula 13 Sterilization Required for all instruments or supplies that will penetrate a patient’s skin or any other normally sterile area of the body. First sanitize it and/or disinfect it. Autoclaving Chemical (cold) processes Dry heat processes Gas processes Microwave processes 14 Autoclave Primary method of sterilizing instruments Steam operate at lower temperature Moist steam permeates the wrapping Moisture causes coagulation of proteins causing cells to burst and killing them. 15 Autoclave (cont.) 1. Prepare instruments by wrapping in muslin or special porous paper 2. Preheat according to manufacturer’s guidelines 3. Perform any quality control procedures 4. Load instruments and equipment 5. Set the autoclave for the correct time after temperature and pressure has been reached 16 Autoclave (cont.) 6. Run the autoclave through sterilization cycle and drying cycle 7. Remove the instruments and equipment 8. Store the instruments and equipment properly 9. Clean autoclave and surrounding area 17 Other Methods of Sterilization Chemical – using chemicals solutions (Chemiclave) when heat can’t be used Dry heat – used when can’t use heat or chemicals Gas – used in hospitals takes Microorganisms longer than steam Microwave – low pressure steam with radiation to produce localized heat that kills microorganisms. 18 Apply Your Knowledge When would you use a chemical process to sterilize instruments? 19 Apply Your Knowledge -Answer When would you use a chemical process to sterilize instruments? You would use chemical process to sterilize instruments when heat and moisture would damage the instruments. 20 Infectious Disease Identifying signs and symptoms of these diseases can help protect health care workers and patients from exposure to pathogens. Pertussis Poliomyelitis Roseola Rubella Chickenpox (varicella) Common cold Croup Diphtheria Haemophilus influenzae Type B Influenza Measles 21 Infectious Disease (cont.) Common cold Signs and symptoms: Coughing and sneezing Incubation lasts 2 to 3 days Use frequent hand washing 22 Infectious Disease (cont.) Croup – occurs when an allergy, foreign body, or an infection obstructs the upper airway. Harsh, barking cough, difficulty breathing Use humidified air Encourage rest and clear warm fluids 23 Infectious Disease (cont.) Measles (rubeola) – viral disease; itchy rash appears 14 days after exposure Mumps – viral infection; pain and inflammation of the parotid glands, fever Rubella – viral infection; fever and itchy rash Immunization programs for children will reduce patients risk of contracting these diseases. 24 Infectious Disease (cont.) Tetanus (lockjaw) – bacterial disease cause by puncture wound by infected fomite Vaccination can prevent tetanus Tuberculosis (TB) – bacterial disease of the lungs with night sweats, fever, chills, fatigue, blood sputum. 25 Apply Your Knowledge What are three viral infections that children most commonly receive immunizations against? 26 Apply Your Knowledge -Answer What are three viral infections that children most commonly receive immunizations against? Measles, mumps, and rubella 27 Reporting Guidelines CDC requires reporting certain diseases to the state or county department of health. Helps research epidemiologists control the spread of infections. Certain diseases must be reported to the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System of the CDC. (See figure 20-10.) 28 Guidelines for Isolation Precautions Three parts: Standard Precautions developed Precautions designed to prevent spread of infection by droplet, airborne, or contact known as Transmission-Based Precautions Describes specific syndromes you may encounter that are highly infectious 29 Immunizations Administration of a vaccine or toxoid to protect susceptible individuals from infectious disease Reduces risk of infection spread 30 Immunization (cont.) Immunization for Children published jointly by: Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices American Academy of Pediatrics American Academy of Family Physicians The National Coalition of Adult Immunization (NCAI) publishes a schedule for adults. 31 Patient Education – Immunizations Pediatric Patients Informed consents Contraindications Immunizations records Pregnant May need more immunizations Do not give rubella immunization during pregnancy 32 Patient Education – Immunizations (cont.) Elderly Patients: Influenza and pneumonia are needed Describe that side effects are mild Immunocompromised Patients Can experience minimal to dangerous effects of immunizations Depends on patient’s disease 33 Patient Education – Immunizations (cont.) Health care Workers: Risk of contracting infectious disease. Should pay careful attention to own immunization status. Employers must offer vaccination against Hepatitis B at no cost to employee. 34 Apply Your Knowledge What organization publishes immunization schedules for adults? 35 Apply Your Knowledge -Answer What organization publishes an immunization schedule for adults? National Coalition of Adult Immunization (NCAI) 36 Summary Medical Assistant Sanitization, disinfection, and sterilization break the pathogen cycle by ridding instruments and equipment of pathogens. You play a vital role in reducing patient vulnerability by encouraging patients to maintain a correct immunization status and by being aware of special immunization concerns of certain patients. 37 End of Chapter 38