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Fighting Disease - Infectious Disease How Pathogens Are Spread Pathogens can spread through contact with an infected person; soil, food, or water; a contaminated object; or an infected animal. Fighting Disease - Infectious Disease Using Prior Knowledge Before you read, look at the section headings and visuals to see what this section is about. Then write what you know about infectious diseases in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you read, write what you learn. 1. 1. What You Know Bacteria and viruses can cause disease. What You Learned Pathogens spread through contact with an infected person, animal, or object, or through contaminated soil, food, or drink. Fighting Disease - The Body’s Defenses The Immune System The immune system includes T cells and B cells. The cells work together to fight infections. Fighting Disease - The Body’s Defenses Building Vocabulary After you read the section, reread the paragraphs that contain definitions of Key Terms. Use the information you have learned to write a definition of each Key Term in your own words. Key Terms: inflammatory response T cell AIDS antigen phagocyte HIV immune response B cell lymphocyte antibody Examples: When body cells of areT damaged, release chemicals Acquired A major function immunodeficiency cells issyndrome, to they identify or pathogens AIDS, is and a that trigger the inflammatory is the distinguish disease caused one kind by aofvirus pathogen thatresponse, attacks from another. thewhich immune body’s system.second line of defense. Antigens are molecules that the immune system A phagocyte is a as white blood cell that engulfs The virus that causes AIDS called the human recognizes either part of is your body or as coming pathogens and destroys them by breaking them down. immunodeficiency virus, or HIV. from outside your body. If a pathogen infection is severe enough to cause a The lymphocytes called B cells produce proteins that fever, it triggers the body’s third line of defense—the help destroy pathogens. immune response. The white bloodare cells that antibodies. distinguish between different These proteins called kinds of pathogens are called lymphocytes.