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Growth & Development, Healthy Relationships, Sexual Health Chapter 10: Pg. 240 – Pg. 251 Chapter 11: Pg. 262 – Pg. 267 Chapter 17: Pg. 442 – Pg. 447 Your Changing Body Adolescence: the stage of development between childhood and development. Puberty: the part of adolescence when the reproductive system becomes mature. Puberty • Between the ages of 9 and 13 years old. • Puberty occurs because of the release of hormones. Hormone: chemical made in one part of the body that is carried through the bloodstream and causes a change in another part of the body. MALE Sex Hormone: Testosterone FEMALE Sex Hormone: Estrogen & Progesterone Puberty – Physical Changes Sex Characteristics: traits related to ones gender. Primary Sex Characteristics - Directly related to production of gametes. - Gametes: reproductive cells produced by the gonads. Male Gametes: take the form of sperm. Female Gametes: take the form of ovum. - All ovum are present at birth, but do not mature until puberty. - Sperm is not produced (created) until puberty. Puberty – Physical Changes - Male puberty usually occurs between the ages of 13 and 15. - Female puberty usually occurs between the ages of 9 and 16. Puberty – Physical Changes Male Secondary Sex Characteristics: - Acne Develops - Facial Hair Grows - Height & Weight Increase - Voice Deepens - Hair Grows Under Arms and On Body - Fat is Deposited In Lower Abdomen - Shoulders Widen - Pubic Hair Grows Puberty – Physical Changes Female Secondary Sex Characteristics: - Acne Develops - Height & Weight Increase - Breasts Develop - Hips Widen & Pelvis Tilts - Pubic Hair Grows - Fat is Deposited In Buttocks and Thighs - Menstruation Begins Menstruation: monthly discharge of blood and tissue from the body through the vagina. Signal that a girls body is mature enough to become pregnant. Puberty Concerns CONCERNS FOR TEENS (all temporary): - Great variation in people the same age. - Awkward bodies. - Girls may be much taller at certain stages. - Body hair before others. - Breast development before other girls (young ages) - Cracking voice. Puberty – Mental Changes • During Adolescents, Brain Reaches Adult Size • Cognition & Memory Increase Cognition: the act of knowing, including both awareness and judgment. Puberty – Mental Changes • Childhood = 1 Solution to Problem • Adolescence = predict outcomes of situations, multiple solutions to problems. • Abstract Thought: thought about ideas that are beyond what you see or experience. Puberty – Mental Changes • Think Logically, Reasoning Increase • More Complicated Problems/Thoughts • Look Beyond Self, Think of Others • Career Interests, Goals, Views, Philosophy • Others Point of View Puberty – Mental Changes • These changes can be difficult to deal with. • To cope, some teens partake in the following risky behavior to feel like they have control: - sexual activity - tobacco use - alcohol use - drug use - poor nutrition - lack of exercise - unnecessary physical risks Puberty – Changing Feelings • Changes lead to mood swings. • Happy one day, next day you are sad, angry, anxious, etc… • Normal • If it takes over your life, you should seek help. EX: Interferes with normal function, injure yourself, etc… Puberty – Changing Feelings Attraction: is admiration for someone that may include the desire to get to know that person better. Infatuation: is admiration for someone while not recognizing that persons flaws. - Usually occurs early in Adolescence - “Crushes” - Most “Crushes only last a short time. - Normal Puberty – Changing Feelings Later in Adolescence, Early Adulthood: Sexual Attraction: face gets hot and flushed, heart beats faster, hands get clammy, fluttery feelings inside. Love: is deep affection for someone and is based on true desire for the other persons interest . Note: these will be discussed in more detail at a later time. Puberty – Social Changes • Search for Independence (free of control of others). • Friendships & Peer Acceptance - Extremely Important • Develop Identities or “Cliques” • May Change Constantly, But Should Stay True To Self & Morals (hard for adolescence) • Healthy Personal Identity (next slide) Puberty – Personal Identity Personal Identity: the factors you believe make you unique, or unlike anyone else. Questions to Ask: 1. Am I carrying out my responsibilities on my own, without needed someone to remind me? 2. Can I make independent decisions and accept consequences of them? 3. Am I thinking about what I want to do after high school? Puberty – Personal Identity 4. Have I examined my beliefs about what behavior is appropriate? 5. Does my behavior reflect my values, morals or standards in which I believe? 6. Do I expect to work for what I want, rather than it given to me? Key Developmental Tasks Important Tasks of Teens: - forming relationships w/people your age and both genders. - achieving masculine or feminine role - accepting physique - achieving emotional independence from parents/adults - prepare for marriage/family life/career - acquiring personal standards - developing social intelligence, aware of others needs, helping others attain their goals Homework Pg. 247 Lesson Review #1, #4 Pg. 251 Lesson Review #5 Healthy Relationships Relationship: emotional or social connection you have with another person or group. - Does not have to be “boy/girl friend.” - Healthy Relationships require healthy social skills. Social Skills • Expressing Yourself (Communication) • Communicate to others what you are feeling. • Think about what you are going to say, speak clearly, and ask questions to make sure others understand. Social Skills • Communication Does not Have to Be Verbal • You can express self through other methods: - Poetry - Dancing - Playing Instrument - Painting - Sculpting - Writing Social Skills Communication Through Behavior (3 types): - Passive, Aggressive, Assertive. Assertive Behavior : expressing thoughts/feelings in a respectful way. Example on Next Slide Behavior Examples Situation: someone cuts in front of you in line. Passive: You do nothing. Aggressive: You sart pushing, shouting, disrespectful. Assertive: You respectfully ask the person in front of you to go to the end of the line. Social Skills Continued • Active Listening • Body Language • Refusal Skills Healthy Relationships: Sensitivity Skills Empathy: sharing and understanding another persons feelings. Tolerance: is the ability to overlook differences and accept people for who they are. Healthy Relationships: Other Skills - Personal Self-Esteem - Good Character In Self - Caring - Respect - Dependability - Loyalty - Honesty Teen Dating • “Crush” Develops • Dating: is going out with people you find attractive and interesting. • Best way to begin dating is group dating. • Group dating is fun, safe, and teaches healthy relationships. Teen Dating Showing Affection (dating or not): - giving a smile or kind laugh - telling someone how much they mean to you - remembering a birthday - writing a card, note, letter - giving a small gift - cheering for someone at a game - spending time together - holding hands Teen Dating Being Clear About Affection: - Letting someone know how you feel can be difficult. Not everyone appreciates the same expression. Expressing affection aloud can be difficult. Don’t write a script, but plan ahead. Pay attention to other persons response. Teen Dating Being Clear About Affection: - If other person seems uncomfortable, back off and give time to respond. - If response is not clear, ask for clarification. - Affection is based on respect. - Respecting others shows you like them. - EX: If they asked not to be touched, don’t do it! Practicing Abstinence Sexual Abstinence • Adolescence Leads to Sexual Attraction • Face gets hot and flushed, heart beats faster, hands get clammy, fluttery feelings inside. • You cannot control the feelings. It’s normal and healthy. • Sexual Attraction is not Love Decisions About Sexual Activity • Teens are constantly pressured by sex. • Movies, TV, commercials, magazines, music, billboards, how peers dress, friends, etc… • More & more difficult to resist the urge. • Hormones/arousal and clear thinking do not coexist. Decisions About Sexual Activity • You must think through sexual decision before you are tempted by sexual activity. • What are you sacrificing for a few moments of pleasure? • How would pregnancy (not avoidable) change your life? Decisions About Sexual Activity Abstinence: is the conscious decision to avoid harmful behaviors, including sexual activity before marriage and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs. Decisions About Sexual Activity • Sex must be, not should be , waited on until marriage. • There is absolutely no justifiable reason as to why you cannot wait until marriage. • Risk vs. Reward, Long-Term vs. Short-Term Consequences of Sexual Activity Pregnancy - Adolescence is already a full-time job. Why add to caring for an infant? - Are you ready to be a parent? - Time - Money - Emotions - Sleep - Other Sacrifices - Serious complications for pregnancy at a young age. - What about the future of your baby? Possible Sexual Pressures 1. “You’re the only person in the class who has not had sex.” 2. “If you really loved me you would.” 3. “It would mean so much to me.” 4. “Is there something wrong with you.” 5. “Just this once” 6. “We are going to get married anyway.” Sexual Activity & Infectious Disease INTRO VIDEO CLIP Click Here Sexual Activity & Infectious Disease Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD): contagious infections that are spread from person to person by sexual contact. - More than 75 different STDS. - 1 in 5 Americans Have an STD. Sexual Activity & Infectious Disease STD Statistics: - More than 75 different STDS. - 1 in 5 Americans Have an STD. - GREATEST RISK: Ages 15-19 - 3 Million adolescents contract an STD each year - 1 in 4 get an STD before graduating high school Sexual Activity & Infectious Disease • Spread through bodily fluids. • Caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, of other infectious agents. • Many can be treated, but some have no cure. Common Universal Symptoms: Discharge from the genitals, sores on genital area, a rash, pain while urinating. NOTE: Can be a carrier without knowing (no symptoms). Respond How could being a carrier of an STD with no symptoms be dangerous? Types of STD’s NAME: Chlamydia (Kluh MID ee uh) SYMPTOMS: Some show no symptoms, others have a genital discharge, painful urination, and abdominal pain. TREATMENT: Antibiotics taken by mouth. LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES: Sterility and liver infection. CLICK HERE Types of STD’s NAME: Gonorrhea (Gahn uh REE uh) SYMPTOMS: Some show no symptoms, others have a genital discharge, painful urination, and severe abdominal pain. TREATMENT: Antibiotics taken by mouth. But, new strains are showing resistance. LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES: Sterility, liver infection, testicular disease. CLICK HERE Types of STD’s NAME: Syphilis (SIF uh lis) SYMPTOMS: Sores, fever, body rash, swollen lymph nodes. TREATMENT: Antibiotics taken by mouth. LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES: Mental illness, heart and kidney damage, and death. CLICK HERE Types of STD’s NAME: Genital Herpes SYMPTOMS: Outbreaks of painful blisters or sores around the genital area that recur, swelling in the genital area, burning during urination. TREATMENT: Cannot be cured. Treatment with antiviral medication can decrease the length and frequency of outbreaks. Help prevent spreading. LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES: Cervical Cancer, Baby Deformities CLICK HERE Types of STD’S AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome): serious viral disease that destroys the bodys immune system. Aids is caused by a virus (HIV). HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV is a virus, AIDS is a Disease caused by the VIRUS. NOTE: A person can be infected with HIV, but not have AIDS. HIV & AIDS • Can be years before symptoms show for HIV Infection (incubation period). • Majority of people infected with HIV, develop AIDS and die. HIV & AIDS Where did it come from (not sure)? BEST GUESS: Dead monkey with similar SIV, gave it to a hunter through its blood (slightly changed to HIV through the process). 1959 = Blood test confirm first case recorded (Africa) 1981 = 4 Cases reported outside Africa in California Today = 40 Millions Cases How HIV Is Spread Sexual Content: most common. Sharing Needles: when needles are used to inject drugs, blood can remain on needles and passed to the next user. Blood Transfusion: rare in US because of thorough testing of blood supply. Mother to Child: passed to unborn child through a shared blood supply, or through breast milk. Also rare because of new drug treatments. Effects of AIDS on Body • HIV attacks immune system. • Body’s ability to fight infection is destroyed. • People who suffer from AIDS usually die from an infection that they cannot fight off. But, also cancer. Opportunistic Infection: infection that happens only in people whose immune systems are not working well. Treatment for HIV / AIDS • Cannot be cured. • Can be delayed. • Combination of several drugs may slow the reproduction and increase the incubation period. More Consequences of Sexual Activity Loss of Self-Respect: against values, sneaking around, lying fear of being caught, fear of consequences, fear of unknown. Negative Effects on Social Relationships: reputation, expectations of other relationships, ruined relationships, etc Family Disapproval RESPOND What do you feel is the best way to prevent all of the negative consequences discussed in class from happening? Making a Commitment to Abstinence • Establish Priorities: what is most important in your life? How would a pregnancy or STD effect your priorities? • Set Personal Limits: base these limits off of your priorities. Set limits in advance, not in the heat of the moment. • Share w/Girlfriend or Boyfriend: if you cannot communicate or appreciate each others priorities or limits, you are not in a mature, healthy relationship. Making a Commitment to Abstinence • Discuss w/a Trusted Adult: can be a release valve for frustration, fears, questions, etc. • Stay Away of High-Pressure Situations: go on group dates, avoid closed doors, avoid dark rooms, avoid “parking”, avoid drugs/alcohol, avoid crazy boys/girls Homework Pg. 282 – 283 Chapter Review All odd even numbers!