Download Infectious Disease

Infectious Disease
1. Infectious Disease
• Any disease that is caused by an
agent that has invaded the body.
2. Pathogen
• Any agent that causes disease.
3. Common Pathogens
• Bacteria – single celled organisms.
• Viruses – genetic material covered
in a protein shell.
• Fungi – absorbs nutrients from living
and nonliving organisms.
• Protozoa – single celled organisms that
are more complex than bacteria.
• Parasites – organisms that get their
energy from other living things.
4. Transmission of Disease
• Person-to-person – sneezing, coughing,
sharing drinks, contact.
• Food and Water – improperly treated water,
and improperly prepared foods.
• Environment – doorknobs, money, and soil.
• Animals – pets, stray animals, and insects.
5. Treatment
• Bacterial infections – antibiotics
• Viral infections – no cure, symptoms are treated,
must run its course.
• Fungal infections – OTC antifungal, oral meds in
severe cases.
• Protozoan infections – prescription meds.
• Parasitic infections – medicated shampoos (lice),
prescription meds.
6. Body’s defenses
• Physical Barriers
– Skin
– Mucous membranes
– Chemicals – sweat, stomach acid, tears
• Inflammatory Response
• Immune System
– Antibodies
– White blood cells
7. Inflammation
• A reaction to injury or infection that is
characterized by, pain, redness, and
swelling.
8. Precautions
• Wash your hands
• Exercise regularly
• Eat a healthy, wellbalanced diet.
• Regular medical checks
• Drink water (8-10
glasses a day)
• Avoid close contact with
sick people.
• Get enough sleep
• Reduce stress levels
• Get vaccinated
9. Prevention
• Get vaccinated
• Keep clean
– Bathing
– Washing hands
• Don’t share personal items
– Toothbrushes
– Hairbrushes
– Food and drinks
• Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing.
• Be on guard outdoors
– Insect repellant
– Don’t drink from streams
– Wild animals
10. Common Viral Infections
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Influenza (flu)
Cold
Mumps
Measles
Mononucleosis
Hepatitis
11. Other common infections
• Fungal – athletes foot; ringworm
• Protozoan – malaria, amoebic dysentery
• Parasitic – lice, leeches, ticks, tapeworms,
hookworms, and
pinworms.