Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
National Tourist Guide Training Programme Government Source: CSO and IDA Population National Tourist Guide Training Programme President Taoiseach Executive/ Government Legislature/ Parliament Judiciary Tanaiste Government Party Ministers Ministers of State Opposition Parties Civil Service Departments Statutory Bodies Department of Finance etc. Health Boards, VECs Semi-State Companies ESB, Aer Lingus Local Authorities Institutions Dublin City Council Police, Army, Judiciary National Tourist Guide Training Programme Constitution 1937 Bunreacht na hEireann (Basic Law of Ireland) - Passed by the people Territory of the state Structure of government Fundamental rights The State Article 1 Self-determination Article 2 Territory of Ireland ‘consists of the whole island of Ireland, its islands and the territorial seas’ Article 3 Extent of laws The right of the Government to exercise jurisdiction over the whole of the territory ‘pending the re-integration of the national territory’- McGimpsey v Ireland(1990) The Good Friday Agreement – amendments to Articles 2 and 3 Language Irish (8.1) first official language of Ireland English (8.2) second official language National Tourist Guide Training Programme President Article 12 Office of the President (Uachtarain na hEireann) Elected Seven by a vote of the people years - maximum two terms . Thirty-fifth year of age (12.4.1). Nominated by 20 members of the Oireachtas, or four County Councils Retiring President self nominates Summons and dissolves the Dail Signs Bill Right of pardon National Tourist Guide Training Programme An Oireachtas The National Parliament The National Parliament - Articles 15 to 27 The Oireachtas President, Sole The Dail Eireann, Seanad Eireann law-making body Oireachtas Sessions Sittings - minimum one every year - in public Elect Chairman , Deputy Chairman Casting vote Elected without election taking place National Tourist Guide Training Programme An Oireachtas The National Parliament TD’s (Teachtí Dala) Immune from arrest - to and from the Houses Immune but Dail for slander and libel subject to rules of the House in these matters Eireann 166 members - one member for every thirty thousand (max.) Serve not more than seven years Represent constituents National Tourist Guide Training Programme An Oireachtas The National Parliament Seanad Eireann Sixty members - eleven nominated by the Taoiseach Forty-nine - elected Three by the National University of Ireland Three by the University of Dublin Abolish?? National Tourist Guide Training Programme An Oireachtas The National Parliament •The Government •Separation of powers •Executive power (The Cabinet) •Fifteen members •Prohibited from declaring war •Responsible & accountable •Taoiseach to keep the President informed •Tanaiste National Tourist Guide Training Programme The Court System in Ireland The Structure of Criminal Courts The Structure of Civil Courts Court of Criminal Appeal European Court of Justice Central Criminal Court/ Special Criminal Court Circuit Court Supreme Court High Court Circuit Court District Court District Court Small Claims Procedure National Tourist Guide Training Programme The Court System in Ireland Article 34 of the constitution Cases are heard in public Court of First Instance (High Court) Court of Final Appeal (Supreme Court) Other courts established – not prohibited by the constitution Courts are managed by The Courts Service www.courts.ie National Tourist Guide Training Programme The Court System in Ireland Small Claims Procedure Complainant make claim against Respondent Repondent can accept claim and pay up Ignore it and have a judgement entered against them Reject it and have the case go to court Maximum award by this procedure €1280 National Tourist Guide Training Programme The Court System in Ireland The District Court civil awards up to €6,380 criminal minor cases eg drink-driving summary jurisdiction National Tourist Guide Training Programme The Court System in Ireland The Circuit Court Wider Jurisdiction – civil awards up to €38,100 Indictable Armed offences, ie. those requiring trial by jury robbery and fraud National Tourist Guide Training Programme The Court System in Ireland The High Court Unlimited – civil cases in excess of £30,000 Personal Central injuries and breaches of contract Criminal Court – High Court hearing criminal cases Judge and jury Serious offences - murder and rape National Tourist Guide Training Programme The Court System in Ireland The Supreme Court Court of Final Appeal Constitutional validity of Bills Majority ruling National Tourist Guide Training Programme The Court System in Ireland The Court of Criminal Appeal Hears appeals The Special Criminal Court Offences Against the State Act 1939 Terrorism Certain drugs related crimes National Tourist Guide Training Programme Ireland’s Population National Tourist Guide Training Programme National Tourist Guide Training Programme Urban/Rural population 2.50 Millions 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 1926 1936 1946 1956 1966 1976 Years Urban 2002: Urban 2.3million (60%), Rural 1.6 million (40%) Rural 1986 1996 2006 National Tourist Guide Training Programme Labour force participation rates, 1926-2002 Male rates historically higher Max difference 56% in 1946 Increase in female rate since 1981 Female home duties: 62% in 1971 27% in 2002 90 80 70 Percentage 60 50 40 30 20 1926 1936 1946 1956 1966 1976 1986 1996 2006 Years Males Females Female labour force participation rate 2002 EU-15: 47.6%, Ireland: 48.8% National Tourist Guide Training Programme Sectoral employment shares, 19262002 Agriculture Industry 50% in 1926 6% in 2002 13% in 1926 32% in 1981 25% in 2002 Services 34% in 1926 69% in 2002 100 90 80 70 Percentage 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1926 1936 1946 1951 1961 1966 1971 Census Years Agriculture Industry Services 1981 1986 1991 1996 2002 Percentage of workers travelling 20+ miles to work, 2002 12% of workers travelled 20 miles and over to work each day Health HSE Education Pre-school None! 1 year pre-school part funded Established programme (Aistear) Primary Age 4.5 to 12 Huge curriculum New focus on literacy and numeracy Role of religion Removal of funding for modern languages Secondary Ages 12-18 Compulsory until 16 Comprehensive and Community Sector Voluntary schools, inc. denominational schools VECs Traditional ‘secondary schools’ – CBS, Holy Faith etc Junior Cycle 3 years Undergoing reform at present Change from fixed curriculum to part fixed, part choice Senior Cycle 16 to 18 years Majority of young people proceed to senior cycle Leaving Certifcate, Leaving Certificate Applied Main focus on Third Level entry Negative impact on education values Third Level Approx 50% of school leavers Variety of courses PLC Certificate, diploma, degree Post-graduate increasingly important Issues of funding Competition of places. The Economy The Irish Economy The Irish Economy Ireland failed to industrialise after independence It remained predominantly an agricultural country with only 10% of the labour force working in industry. Several factors account for these Source: CSO and IDA Lack of Raw Materials Insufficient Energy Supplies Small Domestic Market The Irish Economy 1926-1958 Government pursued a policy of Protectionism for Irish Industry Huge tariffs on imports Irish goods relatively cheaper By 1951 Industrial employment had increase 50% but there were still problems Small domestic market was insufficient to support industrial output Quality was poor Industry was not efficient Late 1950’s depression focused government on raising employment levels generally. The Irish Economy 1958 First Programme for Economic Expansion Key Points: Protectionism abandoned for good Foreign investment wholeheartedly embraced IDA worked to attract Multinational Companies (MNC’s) The Irish Economy Government policy provided Industrial Development Authority (reconstituted in 1969) Advance plants to Multinational Companies Capital grants Labour Retraining Schemes Export profit tax relief scheme (replaced in 1981 by 10% corporation tax) The Irish Economy Multinational Companies were attracted to Ireland by Low cost production platform for Branch Plants Government incentives Low labour costs Well educated English speaking labour force Access to EEC markets versus Portugal (poor in everything), Spain (politically unstable), Italy (politically unstable). The Irish Economy 1966-1968 Series of reports commissioned by An Foras Forbartha (The National Institute for Physical Planning and Research) on economic development in Ireland. The most effective report was the more general Buchanan Report. 9 growth centres National Regional Local Growth was to be centred around these However the creation of new jobs was mirrored by the loss of existing jobs as a result of the market being open to imports. The Irish Economy 1970’s OIL PRICE CRISIS 1973 Political decision making focused on maintaining standards of living Increase in national debt The Irish Economy 1980’s Increase in unemployment – 1984 = 19% Numbers at work decreased by 40% Government continued borrowing 90% of income tax revenue to servicing national debt. Emigration = 45,000 per year. Graduates left – ‘Brain Drain’. Money borrowed went to pay for current spending versus capital investment The Irish Economy • Unemployment continued to rise. 1987 Economist Magazine referred to Ireland as a Third World Country. • Early 1990’s unemployment reached 25% of the labour force. • Structural unemployment The Irish Economy Taxes and Current Expenditure Expenditure and Taxes 55 50 as % GNP 45 40 35 Taxes Current Expenditure 30 25 20 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 The Irish Economy Government Debt Government Debt 140 120 % GNP 100 80 60 40 20 0 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 The Irish Economy 1980s New initiatives were being undertaken to promote job creation: Tax incentives for the regeneration of the Dublin City and others (Urban Renewal Scheme) Tax incentives for the creation of the Financial Services Centre A new Agency for the Management of the national debt (NTMA) First moves towards ‘social partnership’ in 1987 – bring Unions, Employers and Government together to develop a job creation strategy. The Irish Economy Partnership agreements since 1987 General aims To stabilise the economy Wage restraint Guarantee workers set wage increases Keep interest and inflation rates low Encourage an economic climate attractive to investors 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 54.2 58.8 62 64.4 66.4 67.8 70.6 72.9 75.3 77.6 78.7 80.5 82.6 84 85.2 87.2 88.7 1983 1984 1984 8.5% 1985 1985 5.4% 1986 1986 3.9% 1987 1987 3.1% 1988 1988 2.1% 1989 1989 4.1% 1990 1990 3.3% 1991 1991 3.3% 1992 1992 3.1% 1993 1993 1.4% 1994 1994 2.3% 1995 1995 2.6% 1996 1996 1.7% 1997 Unemployment rate 1997 1.4% 1998 1998 2.3% 1999 1999 1.7% 2000 2003 2001 1999 1997 1995 1993 Unemployment rate (1987-2003) 1991 17% 16% 15% 14% 16% 15% 16% 15% 12% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 4% 4% 5% 1989 1987 1988 1989 1990 20% 1991 1992 15% 1993 1994 10% 1995 1996 5% 1997 1998 0% 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1987 The Irish Economy The Irish Economy Achievements Stable labour market Fewer strikes Ireland has become very attractive to foreign investors especially American multi-nationals. Ireland became more competitive Favourable wage rates have also contributed greatly to more multi nationals choosing Ireland to invest in, and often base their European operations here rather then other countries in Europe. Ireland has 1% of the E.U. population but receives 26% of US investment in Europe The Irish Economy Northern Ireland The ‘Troubles’ painted a poor picture of Ireland internationally. A key element in presenting Ireland as a politically stable country in which investment and business could be done securely, was to find some solution to the Northern Ireland conflict. In 1993, John Major and Albert Reynolds signed the Downing Street Declaration which outlined the principles which would underline an agreement between Unionists and Nationalists in the North. 1998 Good Friday Agreement was signed. St. Andrew’s agreement 2007 The Irish Economy European Union European Core vs European Periphery European Union attempts to reduce the economic differences between regions. Structural Funding European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) European Social Fund (ESF) Agricultural Guidance Committed under the Maastricht Treaty (Treaty of European Union) Cohesion Funds Established to assist four weakest countries (Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain) The Irish Economy Objective 1 Regions Most problematic of E.U. Regions GDP per capita<75% of E.U. average Periphery of E.U. High rates of unemployment High Dependency on Agriculture Weak transport infrastructure The Irish Economy National Development Plans EU Funding is allocated as part of National Development Plans. Job Creation Transport infrastructure improvement Reducing social exclusion The Irish Economy €millions Net Receipts From the EU 2800 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 Year The Irish Economy The Irish Economy The Irish Economy Real interest rates 1983-2001 20 15 10 5 0 83 -5 -10 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 20 03 20 01 19 99 19 97 19 95 19 93 19 91 19 89 19 87 19 85 19 83 19 81 19 79 19 77 19 75 19 73 19 71 19 69 19 67 19 65 19 63 19 61 % The Irish Economy Figure 4: Unemployment rate 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 The Irish Economy The Irish Economy Estimated Numbers and Expenditure of Visitors to Ireland 8,000 4500 7,000 4000 2500 4,000 2000 3,000 1500 2,000 1000 1,000 500 0 0 19 7 19 6 7 19 7 7 19 8 7 19 9 8 19 0 8 19 1 8 19 2 8 19 3 8 19 4 8 19 5 8 19 6 8 19 7 8 19 8 8 19 9 9 19 0 9 19 1 9 19 2 9 19 3 9 19 4 9 19 5 9 19 6 9 19 7 9 19 8 9 20 9 0 20 0 0 20 1 0 20 2 03 Numbers (000s) 3000 5,000 Year Numbers (000s) Expenditure (€m) Expenditure (€m) 3500 6,000 The Irish Economy Role of the IDA – Industrial Development Authority Ireland means business for the world 960 foreign companies employing 138,000 workers cutting edge technology Research IT hardware and Software Pharmaceuticals medical devices http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eA6iBKc0O0E The Irish Economy IDA- Selling points An English-speaking US oriented environment Low corporation tax rate telecommunications infrastructure, A high value educational system Incentive and grants Track record Celtic Tiger Economy Source: CSO and IDA 0% Country United States Malta Spain Netherlands Belgium France Italy Greece Denmark United Kingdom Finland Sweden Germany Czech Republic Slovenia Portugal Austria Luxembourg Estonia Slovakia Poland Hungary Lithuania Latvia Cyprus Ireland Percentage The Irish Economy 2005 Corporate Tax rate for selected countries 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% The Irish Economy Destination of Exports Source: CSO and IDA The Irish Economy Labour Productivity 2004 – GDP(PPP) per person employed per hour (US$) Source: CSO and IDA The Irish Economy 100,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 Imports Exports Year 03 20 02 20 01 20 00 20 99 19 98 19 97 19 96 19 95 19 94 19 93 19 92 19 91 19 90 Trade Surplus 19 €m Annual External trade The Irish Economy NIB NIB NIB NIB NIB NIB National Tourist Guide Training Programme National Tourist Guide Training Programme National Tourist Guide Training Programme National Tourist Guide Training Programme Consumer Prices 1996-2005 1996=100 135 Ireland EU 25 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 National Tourist Guide Training Programme Celtic Tiger in Hindsight Phase 1 - 1994-2001 Economy grew rapidly Signs of overheating ESRI warned of need of dampening Bertie dismissed this Dot Com Bubble burst 9/11 attacks Government pro-cyclical measures led to Celtic Tiger Phase 2 Celtic Tiger Phase 2 : 2001 -2005 Or 06, or 07 or 08??? Government policy Allowed for inflated house prices Un-restricted development Unregulated financial sector Banking Banks Loans and deposits Capital requirement Sell loans Reduce capital requirements Keep of Balance Sheet Mortgage brokerages Incentive to give mortgages Sub-prime lending Morgan Kelly Guardian.co.uk Morgan Kelly House Completions 100,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Ghost Estates 2,800 Unfinished estates 122,000 units 78,000 occupied 43,000 Vacant Total vacancy = 294,202 (CSO) House Prices Rob Kitchen NUIM Future Emigration rising Families are smaller Restriction in credit Unemployment Negative equity impact on mobility Equity front loaded into mortgages No way out! Current Indicators Product % Exports Chemicals 59 Machinery 12 Food/Animals 8 Misc 21