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MRSA & Bloodborne Pathogens WARNING: Some of the following pictures may be gross Objectives Define MRSA, Staph, bloodborne pathogens, and universal precautions Recognize symptoms of MRSA and how it is spread List 2 bloodborne pathogens and their symptoms MRSA Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureas What is it? “Staph” = bacteria that live on the skin & in the nose Usually harmless Estimated though that staph fatalities may exceed AIDS deaths MRSA = type of staph Resistant to several types of antibiotics MRSA Who gets it? Anyone Most often in hospitals & healthcare facilities Athletes or other individuals in high contact activities MRSA How is it spread? Touching the infected skin/wound Sharing objects such as towels or athletic equipment Typically through physical contact (not air) What does MRSA look like? Mainly on skin, in the nose, in wounds, or in urine & blood Around open wounds or other openings where bacteria can get inside the body Common skin conditions caused by MRSA: Infected cuts Boils Infected hair follicles Fluid filled blisters (impetigo) Skin sores that look like insect bites MRSA Can spread to surrounding tissue Leads to abscesses or infections of the: Blood Bone Heart infections Treatment? Some antibiotics are successful Once MRSA is gone… Bacteria may still live in your nose Wash hands often Sneeze or cough into tissue If new infection occurs, cover & see MD Prevention? Wash hands often!! If skin infection occurs, keep area clean & covered Change bandage often – especially if wet Prevent wound drainage from coming in contact with anyone else Avoid public spas, saunas, pools, manicures, gyms, etc **Bloodborne Pathogens **Pathogenic microorganisms that can potentially cause disease **Universal Precautions **Assume all fluid is contaminated fluid Cover open skin wounds Remove bleeding athletes from play Possible uniform change **Protective equipment **Gloves, gowns, masks, eye shield, CPR masks **Hepatitis B **Major cause of viral infection affecting liver functions Dramatic increase in last 10 years Stronger, more durable than HIV Signs/Symptoms Flulike, **jaundice, not present Transmission Direct & indirect (surfaces – 1 week) contact Hepatitis B Infectious Material Prevention Blood, saliva, semen, feces, food, water Good hygiene, avoid high risk behaviors, vaccine Recovery Usually within 6-8 weeks **Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) **Viral infection that attacks healthy cells Estimated 40 million by 2000 Signs/Symptoms Fever, night sweats, weight loss, diarrhea, severe fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, lesions, none (8-10 years) Transmission Direct & indirect contact HIV Infectious materials Management Blood, semen, vaginal fluid “cocktails” **Prevention **Education Little risk to athletes, but possible