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Transcript
Introduction to Echocardiography MOHAMMED R ARAFAH MBBS FACP FRCPC FACC PROFESSOR OF CARDIOLOGY What is an Echo? Simply it is an ultrasound of the heart using an echo machine equipped with a range of probes, each has a spectrum of frequencies Other names for the same modality are, transthoracic echo or TTE, cardiac Doppler cardiac ultrasound or ultrasonography, What are types of Echocardiography? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. M-Mode 2-D (2 Dimensional) Color Doppler TDI Contrast 3-D Strain and strain rate 4-D What an Echo can do? Chamber size, thickness and function Assess all cardiac valves Assess hemodynamics Congenital heart diseases Some extracardiac shunts Who can perform it? Obviously Echocardiologists as categorized by ASE (American Society of Echocardiography) Cardiac Sonographers with proper and formal training in the field More Details! Echocardiography uses high-frequency sound waves (also called ultrasound) that can provide a moving picture of your heart. The sound waves are sent through the body with a device called a transducer. The sound waves bounce off of the heart and return to the transducer as echoes. The echoes are converted into images on a television monitor to produce pictures of your heart. One-dimensional or M-mode echocardiography is one beam of ultrasound directed toward the heart. Doctors most often use Mmode echocardiography to see just the left side (or main pumping chamber) of your heart. Two-dimensional echocardiography produces a broader moving picture of your heart. Two-dimensional echocardiography is one of the most important diagnostic tools for doctors. Doppler echocardiography measures blood flowing through the arteries and shows the pattern of flow through the heart. How? By taking the images from different windows such as parasternal long axis Or parasternal short axis Apical 4 chambers Apical 2 Apical 3 Apical 5 with color S.S.N. (Suprasternal Notch views) Sub-Xyphoid or Subcostal views M-Mode, first echo modality. Color Doppler (Small ASD or PFO seen) Tissue Doppler Spectral Tissue Doppler Contrast Echo, apical views Contrast, short axis views 3-D, dilated cardiomyopathy 3-D, Rheumatic Mitral valve Strain Imaging QAnalysis of Global Hypokinesis Strain Imaging QAnalysis Lateral Basal Hypokinesis Real time 4D color full volume imaging Real time 4D, parasternal long axis, full volume imaging How fascinating is an echo? Well it is hard to say that! Simply because it might be fascinating for you but catastrophic for others!! And there is a proof to that!!!!!!!! Or How about this? This one is better! But, I prefer this Why not this? I like this And million thanks for your attention!