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capillary beds of gills heart rest of body lungs right atrium lungs left atrium heart rest of body right left atrium atrium right ventricle left ventricle rest of body Fig. 39.4, p. 669 Name Parts and Oxygen-rich or Oxygen-poor I. Parts of Heart Know: A/V, tricuspid valve, bicuspid valve, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, aorta, sinoatrial node (pacemaker), pericardium, inferior/superior vena cava. Know: Oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor. SA node, the cardiac pacemaker AV node AV bundle the electrical bridge between the atria and ventricles (branchings of cardiac conducting cells that do not serve in heart contraction) Fig. 39.15, p. 677 II. Types of Muscle A. Smooth: Organs, vessels; involuntary. B. Striated/Skeletal: Voluntary and tires. C. Cardiac: Striated in appearance; involuntary. III. Blood Flow in Human Body A. Artery: Thick diameter, wrapped in smooth muscle, no valves, leave heart. B. Vein: Thinner than artery, wrapped in smooth muscle, valves, return blood to heart. C. Capillary: Thin diameter, thin membrane, function as for gas exchange. outer coat ARTERY smooth muscle basement membrane elastic tissue elastic tissue outer coat endothelium smooth muscle rings over elastic tissue basement membrane endothelium ARTERIOLE basement membrane endothelium CAPILLARY outer coat VEIN smooth muscle, basement elastic fibers membrane endothelium valve Fig. 39.16, p. 678 to the heart valve open valve closed prevents backflow valve closed valve closed Fig. 39.20, p. 681 III. Blood Flow (con’t) D. Blood Pressure Systolic: When ventricle is contracting; Maximum pressure. Diastolic: When ventricle is relaxed and refilling; Minimum pressure. Average Healthy: 120/80 a–Diastole (mid-to-late). Ventricles fill, atria contract. c–Diastole (early). Both chambers relaxed. b–Ventricular systole (atria are still in diastole). Ventricles eject. Fig. 39.13, p. 677 Fig. 39.17, p. 678 IV.Characteristics of Blood A. Four Components: 1. Plasma (liquid) 2. Red Blood Cells/Erythrocytes (carry oxygen) *Contain hemoglobin (protein with iron) *Made in marrow *No nucleus IV.Characteristics of Blood (con’t) 3. White Blood Cells (immune system) *Made in bone marrow 4. Platlets (blood clotting) IV.Characteristics of Blood (con’t) B. Blood pH 1. Blood is usually at pH 7.4. At 7.2, hemoglobin unloads oxygen to cells. Why? 2. CO2 + H2O Carbonic Acid 3. Stable blood pH accomplished by buffers (resist pH changes). IV.Characteristics of Blood (con’t) C. Blood Typing: Outer coat of RBC has antigens Our immune system learns to make antibodies (Y-shaped proteins) Know AB+/- blood problems Blood Type A- A+ BB+ ABAB+ O- O+ Antigens Antibodies (in Receive Donate to… (on RBC) plasma) From… Genotype of Blood Types A - IAIA or IAi B - IBIB or IBi AB – IAIB 0 – ii Rh + - RR or Rr Rh - - rr A- is crossed with AB+ Their children can have which blood types? Ultrafiltration versus Reabsorption blood to venue blood from arteriole outward-directed bulk flow inward-directed osmotic movement cells of tissue Fig. 39.19b, p. 681 V. Lymph System A. System of tubes that collect fluid from interstitial tissue. B. Collect in lymph nodes (loaded with lymphocytes. C. Also contains spleen (disposes of blood cells).