Download BME-HUMAN ANATOMY-6 - Near East University

BME-HUMAN ANATOMY-6
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Circulatory system - functions
• Transport of blood gases (O2 & CO2)
• Transport of substances (useful staff to and
waste products out of the tissues
• Bleeding control (clotting system stops
bleeding from the injuried area)
• Heat regulation (skin vessels distribute heat
through the body)
Components of circulatory system
• Heart – pumps the blood out
• Vessels – tubes, where blood flows
• Blood – is the fluid substance of the body,
which carries out all functions of the
circulatory system.
Blood (p.681, fig.18.1)
• It is liquid connective tissue, composed of cells
& extracellular fluid, called plasma
• Its total amount in adults is 4 to 6 L (about
70ml/kg), which comprises only circulating
amount.
• Hematology – is the name of scince, dealing
with blood
Blood cells (p.680, fig. 18.1)
• Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs)
• Trombocytes (platelets)
• Leukocytes (white blood cells, WBCs)
Granulocytes
– Neutrophils
– Eosinophils
– Basophils
Agranulocytes
– Lymphocytes
– Monocytes
Blood cells - Erythrocytes
• Function – delivers blood gases: O2 to tissues
& removes CO2 out of tissues
• Amount – about 4 mln/ml
• Life span – about 120 days
• Nots: Mature cell has no nucleus.
Hemoglobin is the protein, which
carry blood gases (p.685, fig.18.5).
Blood cells – Trombocytes (platelets)
• Function – stops bleeding, i.e. one of the
blood clotting system components
• Amount: around 250000 /ml
• Life span: 3 – 5 days
Blood cells - Leukocytes
• Function: substantial part of immune system
• Amount: 5000 – 9000/ml
• Life span: 3 weeks
Blood plazma
• …composed of liquid part & proteins.
• Blood proteins are mainly produced by the
liver (except for gamma –globulins)
– Albumins
– Globulins
– Fibrinogen
Heart
• …is muscular organ, which pumps blood through
the vessels
• …is located in chest cavity
• …consists of 3 layers (p.718, fig.19.3)
• Epicard (outer)
• Myocard (mid, muscular)
• Endocard (inner
• …has 4 chambers (p.721, fig.19.7)
• 2 atrium (left & right)
• 2 ventricles (left & right)
Coronary circulation &
Cardiac Conductive System
• Coronary vessles supply heart with blood
(p.724, fig.19.10)
– About 65% of world population has 2 coronary
vessels
– About 35% of world population has 1 coronary
vessel
• Sino-Atrial node is the source of normal
heartbeating (p.727, fig.19.12)
Electrocardiogram
• is recording of the heart electrical currents in
the heart by means of an instrument called
the electrocardiograph, which amplifies heart
signals and register them on moving paper
(p.731, fig.19.15) (p.732, fig.19.16)
• ECG is used for monitoring heart rythm and
detect possible coronary problems
Cardiac cycles
• Cardiac systolic – diastolic operations is the
working principle of heart chambers (p.736,
fig. 19.19).
• Heart sounds origin from the closing valves
during cardiac cycle (p.738, fig.19.20). Heart
sounds can be registered by
phonocardiography.
•
Parameters of macrocirculation
• Heart rate (tachicardia, bradicardia)
• Stroke volume (amount of blood for a single
heart contraction)
• Cardiac output (amount of blood, pumped out
by heart in 1 min)
• Blood pressure (force that blood presses
against the wall) .
• Total peripherial resistance, resistance to
blood flow. CO = MAP/TPR
Blood vessels & circulation
• Artery – are vessels, which carry blood out of the
heart (contain 13% of blood).
• Vein – are vessels, which carry blood to the heart
(contain 64% of blood).
• Capillary – are vessels, which carry blood from
arteries to veins.
• Systemic circulation starts from LV & ends in RA
• Pulmonary circulation starts from RV & ends in LA