Download Mutations

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Mutation
◦ Change in the nucleotide base sequence of a gene
or DNA

Germ Cell Mutations
◦ Mutation in an organism’s sex cells or gametes
 Will not affect that organism…but can affect the
offspring

Somatic-Cell Mutations
◦ Take place in an organism’s body cells
 Can affect organism (certain types of cancer)
 Cannot be inherited

Lethal Mutations
◦ Cause death, often before birth of an organism

Beneficial Mutations
◦ Organisms will have a better chance of survival, and
thus an evolutionary advantage.

Deletion
◦ Loss of a piece of a chromosome due to breakage

Inversion
◦ Piece of chromosome breaks off, but reattaches
backwards

Translocation
◦ Piece of chromosome breaks off and reattaches to a
non homologous chromosome

Nondisjunction
◦ Chromosome fails to separate from its homologous
pair during Meiosis 1
http://www.friendshipcircle.org/blog/2
012/05/22/13-chromosomaldisorders-youve-never-heard-of/

Point Mutation- Switching, adding, or
removing a single nucleotide (letter of DNA)
◦ Substitution- 1 letter replaces another, 1 amino
acid is affected
 Missense- 1 Amino Acid Switched
 Nonsense- Changes Amino Acid to a “Stop”
 Silent- Amino Acid is the same…no change
◦ Frameshift- Insertion or Deletion of 1 nucleotide
affects all Amino Acids down the line…

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http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072556781/student_view0/c
hapter11/animation_quiz_4.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDbK0cx
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