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REVIEW Teacher Cristiane Cruz [email protected] http://docente.ifrn.edu.br/cristianecruz Cristiane de Brito Cruz, www.facebook.com/cristiane.britocruz @chris_divine09 English Reference Words What’s a Pronoun? • A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun or other pronoun – It can take the place of a subject word • (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) – It can take the place of an object word • (me, you him, her it, us, them) – It can take the place of a possessive word • (my, mine, your, yours, his, hers, its, our, ours, their, theirs) – It can refer to the subject of sentence, taking – the action of the verb to return to the subject • (myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves) What is a pronoun? • It’s a word used instead of a noun (or a phrase containing a noun) Example: `He', `it', `who', and `anything' are pronouns. • When the pronoun is the subject (the person doing the action) of the sentence, it is called a Subject Pronoun. Example: Bob is swimming. He is swimming. • Tips - Subject Beginning of the sentences; Never after preposition; Ask before the verb (who? what? + verb) Object: Middle or in the end of the sentences; Never in the beginning! After prepositions; Ask after the verb (subject + verb + who? what?) • The object of a verb : • me, you, him, her, it, us and them can all be used as the object of a verb. • Ex : Lisa likes cats. She likes to stroke them. • Possessive words: Adjectives • my, your, his, her, its, our and their can all be used as references to the subject or object in a sentence. • Ex : Lisa likes cats. Her cats are really cute. • Possessive words: Pronouns • mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours and theirs can all be used as references to the subject or object in a sentence (after they are mentioned in the sentence. • Ex : Lisa likes cats. My cat is ugly but hers are really cute. • Tips - Adjective Without S; + noun; Beginning of the sentences; Never in the end! Pronoun: With S; alone; Middle or in the end of the sentences; Never in the begining! What’s an antecedent? • The word that the pronoun replaces. – Hermione Granger threw her wand onto the floor • (“her” renames “Hermione Granger”). – When Ron Weasley saw the wand drop, he picked it up and handed it to her. • (“it” renames the “wand”) – Then Ron and Hermione went to their Defense Against the Dark Arts class. • (“their” renames “Ron and Hermione”) Basically, it’s this: • All pronouns and their antecedents need to agree in person and number. Vague Pronoun Reference • "Mom wasn't sure if Jane had her make-up," – it is unclear if "her" refers to Mom or Jane. – Whose make up is it? • “Mom wasn’t sure if Jane had brought Mom’s make up.” • “Mom wasn’t sure if Jane had brought Jane’s make up.” OR • "Had Jane brought her make up?" Mom wondered. • Mom thought, "Has Jane brought my make up?" Exercise Simple Past Verbs – Reg or Irreg • • • • • • • • • • be become begin come die dream drink find finish get • • • • • • • • • • go happen have leave like live love make marry meet • • • • • • • • • • publish read say see sell send sit sleep start take • • • • think want work write Pronunciation of -ED /t/ /d/ /Id/ K PACKED L CALLED WANTED P STOPPED V SAVED LIFTED S KISSED N OPENED SH WATCHED B ROBBED POINTED CH WASHED PLAYED NEEDED F CUFFED CHAFFED VOWELS DIED ENJOYED T D VISITED MENDED BLENDED E X E R C I S E worked enjoyed cooked loved showed decided waited tried wanted rained walked tasted closed ended opened stopped kissed looked needed hated liked dropped learned played cleaned completed