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Vocabulary Energizers Words of the Day Words added to Lesson 9 Pandemonium Bowdlerize Pander Pandemonium Utter confusion or wild uproar Synonyms: disorder, chaos, noisy confusion, tumult Coined by John Milton in Paradise Lost Bowdlerize Remove or change parts considered vulgar or immoral Synonyms: delete, censor, expurgate Term named after a prudish 19th Century censor Pander Play up to another’s desires and weaknesses Synonyms: indulge, gratify, cater Named after Geoffrey Chaucer’s character Pandarus from Troilus and Criseyde Words added to Lesson 10 Quixotic Cynical Tantalize Quixotic Idealistic but not practical Synonyms: romantic, visionary, fanciful Term named after Cervantes’ Don Quixote Cynical Doubting the goodness and sincerity of human motives Synonyms: distrustful, sneering, derisive From the ancient Greek philosopher Antisthenes, pupil of Socrates Tantalize Arouse hopes that will be frustrated Tempt, tease, entice Coined from Tantalus’ divine punishment in Greek mythology Words added to Lesson 11 Labyrinth Laconic Maudlin Lethargic Labyrinth Complex, intricate network of passages, complicated situation; maze Synonyms: Maze, tangle, conundrum Created by Daedalus to confine the minotaur Laconic Brief, concise Synonyms: brief, concise, terse Refers to the Spartans (Laconians) Maudlin Excessively sentimental Synonyms: mushy, tear-jerking, mawkish Coined in reference to English depictions of Mary Magdalene Lethargic Lazy, sluggish, lacking energy Synonyms: drowsy, torpid Coined from the river Lethe from Greek mythology