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Intel® Processor Architecture: Multi-core Overview Intel® Software College Intel® Software College Objectives After completing this module, you will be able to understand: • the benefits that multi/many core • the multi/many - core trend Intel® Processor Architecture:Multi-core Overview 2 Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners. Intel® Software College Power: Increasing Pipelines for Processor Performance Advantages • If instruction stream runs without issue it runs fast • Marketing value to running at high processor speeds Disadvantages • Processor takes larger hit for performance issues • Branch mispredict costs ~10 cycle on PIII and costs ~30 cycles today on current P4 • Power (Pay attention this is the important) • Transistors fire faster causing more leakage and greater amount of power • Primary problem is gate oxide leakage Intel® Processor Architecture:Multi-core Overview 3 Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners. Intel® Software College Effects of Transistor Leakage on Processor Power: 2002 Leakage Power (% of Total) 50% Must stop at 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1.5 0.7 0.35 0.18 0.09 0.05 Technology (m) "Scaling is already dead but nobody noticed it had stopped breathing and its lips had turned blue.“ Bernie Meyerson, IBM CTO on Scaling Between 130 and 90 nm A. Grove, IEDM 2002 Intel® Processor Architecture:Multi-core Overview 4 Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners. Intel® Software College Processor Power and Processor Speed2 Power vs. Frequency Curve for Single Architecture 359 309 Power (w) 259 Dropping Frequency = Large Drop Power 209 159 109 59 9 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 Frequency (GHz) Lower Frequency Allows Headroom for 2nd Core Intel® Processor Architecture:Multi-core Overview 5 Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners. Intel® Software College Demo Performance comparison: • single-threaded vs. multi-threaded program Intel® Processor Architecture:Multi-core Overview 6 Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners. Intel® Software College Intel® Processor Architecture:Multi-core Overview 7 Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners. Intel® Software College Converged Core: The Core Micro-architecture is basis for mobile, desktop, and server processors Mobile Platform Desktop Platform August 2006 July 2006 Merom-4M Merom-2M 2M L2 2 cores June 2006 Conroe-4M Conroe-2M 4M L2 2M L2 2 cores Mobile Platform Optimized • 2 Execution Cores • 2/4MB L2 Cache Sizes • 35 Watt TDP/ 1.5W Avg • Power Optimized Silicon • Deep C4 State** • Bus Geyserville ** • 64-bit Server/Workstation Platform 2 cores 4M L2 2 cores Desktop Platform Optimized • 2 Execution Cores • 2/4MB Cache Sizes • Higher Bus Frequencies • 65W TDP/~7.5W Avg • 64-bit 2-4 cores Server Platform Optimized • 2 to 4 Execution Cores • 4 to 8MB L2 Caches • DP/MP support • Various platform features • 80W TDP • 64-bit All dates provided are subject to change without notice. **Feature Names TBD Intel® Processor Architecture:Multi-core Overview 8 Copyright © 2006, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. *Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.