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Download Chapter 11 – 2 Islamic Empires
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ISLAMIC EMPIRES 11 – 2 The Spread of Islam Successor to Muhammad Caliph or successor to the messenger of god. First four caliphs = “rightly guided caliphs” rule at Madinah Umayyad caliphs rule from Damascus, Islam spreads Islamic State • Becomes a great empire b/c Arabs were good horsemen & good w/ a sword inspired by religion • Muslims believe people who die fighting for Islam go to paradise • Muslims let conquered people (non Muslims) practice their religion TAX $ • Many non-Muslims adopt Muslim customs Muslim Teachings Spread • Sufis = group of Muslims who spread Islam through teaching • Arab merchants spread Islam throughout southeast Asia • Indonesia = southeast Asia country w/ largest Muslim population • Timbuktu = a West African city, center of Muslim learning How did Muslims treat Christians and Jews who lived in their society? • Muslims believed Christians and Jews to be people of the book (holy book, 1 God). • Christians and Jews were not treated fairly and charged higher taxes. Struggles within Islam • Muhammad’s death = Two groups Sunnis & Shiites • Shiites believed Ali (son in law) should rule and all future caliphs should be descendants • Sunnis believe that the Umayyad caliphs were rightful leaders (two groups = separate customs) • Abbasids defeated the Umayyad dynasty and made a new capital in Baghdad (center of trade) Seljuk Turks Nomads & warriors / gradually took control of the Abbasid dynasty Ruler = sultan Mongols • attacked and defeated the Arab Empire, ending its rule w/ the burning of Baghdad Later Muslim Empires Ottoman Turks • North west Asia Minor built their empire & conquered Constantinople • Change name to Istanbul. Moved around Europe, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Arabia, and North Africa • The Moguls created a Muslim empire in India and made their capital in Delhi. Their greatest leader was Akbar.