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ISLAM EXPANDS
MUHAMMAD’S DEATH
______ – Begins the split within the Muslim
community

Muslims elect Abu-Bakr (a friend of
Muhammad) as the “________” or CALIPH
RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS

4 “_________ caliphs”
 Abu-Bakr,
Umar, Uthman, and Ali
 Their rule was called a CALIPHATE
 They used the ________ and Muhammad’s
_________ to guide their leadership
PROBLEMS

Soon after Muhammad’s death some Muslims
in the Arabian peninsula abandoned _______,
some stopped paying taxes, and some even
called themselves __________.

What did Abu-Bakr do??
JIHAD

“Jihad” means “_________”

There are two forms of “jihad”
 The
_________ struggle against evil OR
 An _________ struggle against unbelievers
EXPANSION

The Four Rightly Guided Caliphs used “jihad”
to _______ ________ throughout the M.E.,
Europe, and parts of Asia.
WHY WAS ISLAM ABLE TO SPREAD??
________ surrounding the Muslim
empire were weak
(Byzantine and Sassanid Empires)

People in these empires were sick
of being ________

People were attracted to the economic
benefit for Muslims not having to pay a _____
_____

TREATMENT OF CONQUERED PEOPLE

Muslims allowed people to follow their own
_______ as long as they paid taxes

Christians and Jews did not have to perform
_________ duties

Christians and Jews were not able to ________
their religion w/i the Muslim Empire
ASSASSINATIONS

The assassination of Uthman in 656 and Ali
(Muhammad’s cousin) in 661 was a huge
turning pt.

A family known as the Umayyads take power
and the idea of ________ ________ is over.
UMAYYADS

They did two things that
_________ many Muslims
 Moved
_______ from
Mecca to Damascus
 Began surrounding
themselves with ________
and ceremonies
**SPLIT WITHIN ISLAM**

Sunni – Shi’a Split
 Sunni
– group of Muslims (_________) who
accept Umayyads’ rule to preserve ________
 They
claimed that people just needed to follow
Muhammad’s example
 Shi’a
– group of Muslims that ___________
Umayyads’ rule
 They
claimed that the caliph needed to be a
___________ of Muhammad
 Meaning the “party” of Ali
 Members are known as “Shi’ites”
ABBASIDS

750 – Abbasid family takes control of
Muslim Empire and kill almost every
Umayyad

Moved capital to _________
ABBASIDS

Rule from 750 – 1258
 They
create a large and ___________ empire
 It
gets too large to control and ______ _________
began taking control
Fatimid – a __________ formed by Shi’a Muslims (N.
Africa) who claimed descent from Muhammad’s
__________ Fatima
Muslim Trade
Merchants used one lang. – ________
 Merchants created ________ which offered
letters of credit.
 These letters were called “sakks” or later
pronounced “_______”
