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Left: Draupadi Ratha at Mahabalipuram, 7th century Right: Arjuna Ratha at Mahabalipuram, 7th century ratha/ pyramidal roof (vimana)/ imitation of wood constructions Durga Temple (Aihole, India) 675-725 influence of the Buddhist chaityas/ horseshoe-shaped cella Brihadishvara (or Rajarajeshvara) Temple at Thanjavur, begun 1002-3 gopurams/ rectangular cloister/ Chola dynasty/ King Rajaraja I Left: Krishna watching the gopis at their toilette, decoration from the first gopuram at Thanjavur Below: First gopuram at Thanjavur A painted gopuram from Madurai Skihara from the Brihadishvara, or Rajarajeshvara, Temple at Thanjavur pyramidal vimana/ stupi Linga gallery of the Thanjavur Temple with wall of paintings depicting scenes from the mythology of Shiva, 12th century Lingaraja Temple (Bhuvanesvar, India), c. 11th12th centuries ascending towers/ amalaka Visvanatha Temple (Khajuraho, India), c. 1000 Entrance and plan to the Visvanatha Temple (Khajuraho, India), c. 1000 Mt. Meru/ emphasis on the exterior/ plinths/ mandapa roofs of the mandapa and their pyramidal eaves Tantrism/ yantra Ardhanari (A composite image of male and female energy depicted as the Hindu god Shiva, with his consort Uma or Pavarti Stupa at Borobudur (Java), c. 800 use of the mandala to represent the three spheres of Buddhist cosmology rectilinear base and the first four tiers /60 reliefs on the base/ jatakas and sutras on the rectilinear four tiers/ circular upper four tiers dhyani Buddhas of the upper circular tiers