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Earth Science Earth Science • Earth science encompasses 5 areas of study: – Astronomy – Geology – Oceanography – Meteorology – Environmental Science Astronomy Earth Science Astronomy • The study of objects beyond Earth’s atmosphere Astronomers study the universe, which includes galaxies, stars, planets, and other bodies they have identified. Astronomy Geology Earth Science Geology • The study of the materials that make up Earth • The processes that form and change these materials • The history of the planet & its lifeforms since its origin Geologists • Identify rocks • Study glacial movements • Interpret clues to Earth’s 4.6-billion-year history • Determine how forces change our planet Astronomy Earth Science Geology Oceanography Oceanography • The study of Earth’s oceans • Oceanographers study the creatures that inhabit saltwater, measure different physical & chemical properties of the oceans, & observe various processes in ocean water. Astronomy Earth Science Environmental Science Meteorology Geology Oceanography Meteorology • The study of weather-producing forces in the atmosphere • Meteorologists also try to forecast the weather & learn how changes in weather over time might affect the Earth’s climate. Astronomy Earth Science Environmental Science Meteorology Geology Oceanography Environmental Science • The study of the interactions of humans and their environment • Environmental scientists study how organisms impact the environment positively & negatively. • Topics of study include: natural resources, pollution, alternative energy sources, & impact of humans on atmosphere. Earth’s Systems • Scientists have identified 4 main Earth systems that are unique yet interact with each other in important ways. – Biosphere – Geosphere – Hydrosphere – Atmosphere Time to make a foldable! Earth’s Systems Biosphere Geosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere All organisms on Earth as well as the environments in which they live Actual physical Earth, includes crust, mantle, and core Water in Earth’s oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, glaciers, & atmosphere Gases surrounding Earth, including 78% nitrogen & 21% oxygen