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Do Now Q. What is Continental Drift? A. Theory that continents were once attached (as Pangea) and have moved away from each other. (Wegener) Earth Lithosphere: •continuous shell of solid rock around Earth •contains Earth’s solid crust and a flexible part of the mantle •crust is somewhat cracked •pushed in different directions by currents in the mantle caused by heat (convection currents). Continental Drift and Pangea Continents are not fixed, but drift about the surface of the Earth About 200-250 mya, all of the Earth’s land masses were locked together in a supercontinent named Pangea, which means “all lands” . Evidence for Continental Drift • Shapes match like puzzle pieces • Mountain ranges line up Fossil Evidence • Fossils of same species on many continents that can’t travel far Climate Evidence • Tropical plant fossils in Antarctica (polar climate) • Glacial deposits in tropical areas • Coal deposits (usually form in swampy, warm areas) in polar climates Theory of Plate Tectonics • Earth’s lithosphere is broken up into large sections called tectonic plates that are constantly moving. • Thicker plates form continents; thinner plates are found under Earth’s Oceans. The Diversity of Life Pgs 73-77 Group I- Protection 1. Monarch Butterfly • Warning Coloration • the colors of the animal make it easier to see, • advantage to insects who are unpleasant to eat • birds who happen to eat one quickly learn to avoid that species in the future 2. Viceroy butterfly • Mimicry • One organism is protected from its enemies by its resemblance to another species • Tend to avoid edible viceroy b/c it looks like the inedible monarch butterfly 3.Porcupine Fish • Spine covered skin • Inflate body when threatened 4. Scorpion, Bees, Wasps • Sting is poisonous 5. Cobra • Extremely poisonous • Very aggressive behaviour • Draws itself up and hisses 6. Skunk (Mephitis mephitis) • Spray fine droplets 15 feet or more that has a penetrating odor, can cause nausea and temporary blindness 7. Octopus • Tentacles – suction cups to hold onto prey • Sharp beak on mouth for cracking open shells • Some also inject prey with toxic substance • Can squeeze into small spots • Shoot out ink and change colors 8.Shark • Has many rows of replaceable teeth to catch and eat its prey • Powerful jaws and teeth • Streamlined shape to reduce drag in water and allow it to move faster • Fins – allow it to change direction easily 9.Armadillo • Armor like covering • Color helps blend into environment 10.Lappet-faced Vulture • Rasp-like tongue helps pull flesh into the mouth and their long necks allow them to probe into a large carcass • Lack of feathers on head and neck means they do not have the problem of preening blood-stained feathers • Huge beak enables them to "gnaw" flesh off large bones even when corpse has dried out 11.Leaf Insect, Stick Insect • Camouflage – blends in with environment 12.Elephant • Travel in groups • Tusks are used for food gathering and carrying, as well as weapons. 13. South American Burrowing Bullfrog • Tooth-like projections on lower jaw for holding on to struggling prey • Inflate bodies when disturbed Group II – Seed Dispersal 14. Grasses/Dandelions • Seeds dispersed by wind • Light seeds 15. Partridgeberry/Cantaloupe/Tomato/Apple/Plum • Seed dispersed by juicy fruit being eaten • Brightly colored fruits to attract birds • Fruit taste good 16. Coconut • Seed dispersed by water • Tough outer coat, resistant to seawater • Can float in seawater for months • Usually found in tropical areas 17. Pea Plants Explosions • Some plants have pods that explode when ripe and shoot out the seeds. • Pea and bean plants keep their seeds in a pod. When the seeds are ripe and the pod has dried, the pod bursts open and the peas and beans are scattered Group III- Nutrition 18. Plant – Oak Tree • Autotroph photosynthetic 19. Cyanobacteria Autotrophs – photosynthetic 20. Deer • Heterotroph – herbivore • Eats any kind of plant or fruit 21.Moose • Heterotroph - herbivore • Eats any kind of plant or fruit 22.Wolf • Heterotroph – carnivore • Eats any size herbivore except earthworms and bees 23.Falcon • Heterotroph – Carnivore • Eats rabbits, chickens, snakes 24. Kinkajou • Heterotroph – Omnivore • Small mammal that eats honey and insects 25.Pig • Heterotroph - Omnivore 26. Indian pipe • Heterotroph – saprophyte • Plant lacking chlorophyll, gets nourishment from dead plants 27.Pholioto species - Fungus • Heterotroph - Saprophyte Group IV – Locomotion in Mammals 28. Bat • Flying mammal • found in every part of the world except the polar regions and far out across the ocean. 29. Flying foxes • Flying Mammals – largest type of bats • Rainforest 30. Rabbit • Small Leaping mammal • Taiga, grasslands, deciduous forest 31.Kangaroo • Leaping Mammal • Grassland 32.Giraffe • Hoofed mammals • Grasslands 33.Rhinoceroses • Hoofed mammals • Grassland 34.Koala • Tree top mammals • Savanna 35.Sloth • Tree top mammals • Tropical rain forest 36. Walrus • Fin footed mammals • tundra 37. Sea lions • Fin footed mammals • Live in oceans