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Day 2: • What is a mineral made of? • What do multiple minerals together make? • 2 types of Minerals Mineral Structure • A mineral is a naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a define crystalline structure. • Minerals may be either elements or compounds. • Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary means. • A compound is a substance made of two or more different elements that have been joined together by a chemical bond. Atom An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/ visual_concepts/75005.htm Ie. Ripping Paper: If I tear a sheet of paper into tiny pieces, those pieces still maintain the properties of paper. Likewise, an atom is a smaller piece of an element, but still keeps all the properties of that element. Element Element Period Table of Elements Difference between an Element & a Compound Play Doh Demonstration • Follow directions. • Do not play with or throw the play-doh. Compound A compound is a substance that is made of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash /visual_concepts/75007.htm Compound http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash /visual_concepts/75007.htm Compound Word Fireflies Mineral Structure • A few minerals, such as gold and silver, are composed of only one element. • A mineral that is composed of only one element is called a native element. • Native elements are used in communications, and electronics equipment. Native Elements Two Groups of Minerals • Minerals are divided into two groups based on their chemical composition. • Silicate minerals are minerals that contain a combination of the elements silicon and oxygen (quartz, feldspar, mica). • Silicate minerals make up over 90% of the Earth’s crust. • Nonsilicate minerals are minerals that do not contain a combination of the elements silicon and oxygen ( copper, calcite, fluorite, corundum, gypsum, galena). Silicate • Silicate minerals include the elements Silicon and Oxygen. • Other metal elements, such as Aluminium and Iron, also attach to Silicon and Oxygen to make other silicate minerals. • Examples of silicate minerals: • Feldspar, quartz, mica Common Silicate Minerals Nonsilicate • Minerals that do not have both silicon and oxygen. • found in only 8% of the Earth's crust. • Examples of nonsilicates: – precious metals: gold, silver, and platinum – useful metals: iron, aluminum and lead – precious gems diamond and ruby. Classes of Nonsilicate Minerals