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Selected sections from Chapter 18 Cancer: Uncontrolled Cell Division and Differentiation Tumor Benign Malignant Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Characteristics of Benign Tumors and Cancers Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 18.1 Tumors Benign Remain in one location Single, well-defined mass May be surrounded by connective tissue Cancerous Abnormal cell structure; may appear undifferentiated May spread Edge of tumor not clearly defined Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Malignant Tumor Development PLAY Animation—Cancer Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.2 How Cancer Develops Apoptosis Mutated or damaged genes Proto-oncogenes Normal regulatory genes Oncogenes Mutated or damaged proto-oncogenes Tumor suppressor genes Regulatory genes slow cell division, TS genes may be turned off, damaged, or mutated in cancers Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Factors Contributing to Cancer Viruses and bacteria Chemicals in the environment Tobacco Radiation Dietary factors Internal Factors Free Radicals Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Cancer Treatments Conventional treatments Surgery Radiation Chemotherapy Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Ten Most Common Cancers Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 18.3 Most Cancers Are Preventable Know family history Get regular medical screenings Learn self-examination techniques Avoid direct sunlight 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., sunlamps, and tanning salons Watch diet and weight Don’t smoke Drink in moderation, if at all Be informed Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.