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Download The Structure of DNA
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The Structure of DNA The Double Helix DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid • DNA is made up of small sub units called Nucleotides • A Nucleotide Has 3 major parts -Sugar (Deoxyribose) -Phosphate Group -Nitrogen Base Phosphate Sugar = Deoxyribose Nitrogen Base • • • • Adenine Guanine Thymine Cytosine • Uracil is used only in RNA A single strand of DNA looks a little like this: Two Strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds The double helix: • refers to two stands of DNA held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary Nitrogen bases. Nitrogen bases fit together like puzzle pieces • • • • Cytosine bonds to Guanine Adenine bonds to Thymine These “bases” make the steps on a ladder The Phosphate and sugar Makes the “Backbone” A closer look at a bacteria Chromosome When DNA is not being used it is tightly coiled around proteins called “Histones” to form a Chromosome Chromosome Nucleosome DNA double helix Coils Supercoils Histones How did they discover the structure? • Rosalind Franklind took this X-ray Diffraction Picture • James Watson and Francis Crick used the photo as they were developing their model… They never gave her credit for her work and she died of ovarian cancer likely due to exposure to the X-rays of her work Images From • Prentice Hall Presentation Pro CH 12 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_51 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalind_Frank lin • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA