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Transcript
DNA 1) DNA – made of subunits known as nucleotides – made of: • sugar • phosphate • base • Shape: Double Helix • Found in the nucleus; chromosomes 2) The four bases that make up DNA nucleotides are: • • • • • Adenine – A Thymine – T Guanine – G Cytosine - C A pairs with T, G pairs with C 3) Scientists who discovered DNA: • Rosalind Franklin – used Xrays to see DNA • James Watson and Francis Crick made models to determine DNA structure – double helix 4) Mutation – a permanent change that happens in a gene or a chromosome • When one of the 4 base pairs is : –(substitution) “replaced” or –(insertion) “added” or –(deletion) “removed” 5) Genetic engineering • Transferring genes from one organism to another for desired results Ex: making human insulin to treat people with diabetes 6) Cloning • Using DNA from an organism to “create” an identical organism - a type of genetic engineering. • EX: dolly, the sheep 7) Selective breeding • Mating organisms to get a desired trait: • EX: chickens – more eggs • EX: dog breeds – for show casing or hunting 8) Write the complementary strand for this DNA: TTA CGC TGC AGG CCC
