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KINGDOM PROTISTA Packet #66 Chapter #28 Tuesday, May 23, 2017 CHARACTERISTICS Unicellular, or simple multicellular © Ryan Barrow 2008 eukaryotes Heterotrophic or autotrophic Most are aquatic and may compose plankton Reproduction ranges from asexual to sexual modes HW Syngamy Include protozoa, algae, slime molds and water molds 2 Tuesday, May 23, 2017 ECOLOGICAL ROLE Protozoa are an important part of zooplankton. Algae are important producers (autotrophs) © Ryan Barrow 2008 Especially in marine and freshwater ecosystems Important source of oxygen 3 Tuesday, May 23, 2017 “EVOLUTIONARY” CONNECTION © Ryan Barrow 2008 Zooflagellates, such as Giardia, may be more closely related to prokaryotes than any other protist group 4 Tuesday, May 23, 2017 “EVOLUTIONARY” CONNECTION Endosymbiotic Theory Apicomplexans are parasites, and nonphotosynthetic, but have a chloroplast “relic” from secondary endosymbiotic events © Ryan Barrow 2008 Describes the origin of chloroplasts from photosynthetic prokaryotes and mitochondria from aerobic bacteria An apicomplexan causes malaria and a chemical that inhibits chloroplasts may be useful in treatment. Electron microscopy evidence suggests protists are monophyletic but most biologists regards protists as paraphyletic based on structures and molecular data 5 Tuesday, May 23, 2017 THE GOOD Red Algae © Ryan Barrow 2008 Agar and carageenan are commercial products derived from red algae Cell walls often have thick sticky polysaccharides Coralline red algae are important in building coral reefs 6 Tuesday, May 23, 2017 THE GOOD II Brown Algae © Ryan Barrow 2008 Algin is commercial product derived from brown algae HW Where is algin used? Source of food— particularly in Asian countries 7 Tuesday, May 23, 2017 THE BAD The Red Tide © Ryan Barrow 2008 Caused by dinoflagellates 8 Tuesday, May 23, 2017 THE UGLY Malaria Caused by Plasmodium falciparum Could be fatal if untreated © Ryan Barrow 2008 9 PRINCETON REVIEW BOOK Princeton Review Students are to memorize the different phyla of Kingdom Protista on pages 129 & 130 Amoeba