Download Cancer

Zoe Chan
Esther Chung
Ivy Law
a group of many different diseases that
generally all affect cells
cells keep dividing, and form too much
tissue. Excess tissue can form a mass called
a tumor, and this mass can be either benign
or malignant tumor.
The spread of cancer is called metastasis
正常細胞
癌細胞
~They are not cancer
~They can be removed.
~The cells do not invade nearby
tissue or spread to other parts of
the body.
~~They are cancer.
~~The cancer cells divide out of control.
~~They can invade and destroy nearby
healthy tissue or organ.
~~Cancer cells can break away from the tumor
enter the bloodstream and lymphatic system, ,
then form new tumors in other organs.
~~This is how cancer spreads from the
original or primary tumor to form new
tumors in other parts of the body.
What is carcinogen?
~They are a substance
that causes cancer.
~There are many substances
contain carcinogen such food
and drug.
﹟Chemicals
﹟Diet
﹟Ionizing radiation
﹟Radiation
﹟Other type of carcinogen
such as tobacco.
1~Polycyclic hydrocarbon
2~Artificial colorings
3~Nitrites
4~ Hydrogen peroxide
Diet
1~A high-fat diet
2~Heavy drinks of alcohol
Ionizing radiation
and radiation
1~Ionizing radiation
2~Radiation ＊X-ray
＊gamma ray
＊ultra-violet
Other types of
carcinogen
★tobacca
★Viruses
1.Lung cancer
2.Breast cancer
3.Oral cancer
4.Skin cancer
5.Nasopharyngeal cancer
Lung cancer
1~ non-small cell lung cancer
※ It is more common
※generally grows and spreads more slowly
2~small cell lung cancer
※It sometimes called oat cell cancer
※It is less common
※It grows more quickly
※more likely to spread to other organs
Causes of lung cancer
§Cigarettes
§Cigars and pipes
§Environmental Tobacco Smoke
§Pollution
Ductal carcinoma,Lobular carcinoma
When breast cancer spread outside
cancer cell often found in lypmh node under arm
cancer cell have spread to other parts of body
(e.g. bone, liver) via the lymphatic system or the
bloodstream
When breast cancer spreads, it is called metastatic
breast cancer
Almost all oral cancer are squamous carcinomas
Spreads through the lymphatic system, carried
along by lymph to other parts of the body
Causes:
1. tobacco
2. alcohol
Skin Cancer
2 common kinds
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Skin cancers need to be detected
early and treated
They can invade and destroy
nearby tissue
Cause
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun
Artificial sources of UV radiation, such
as sunlamps and tanning booths
Protection of the skin from the sun
should start at childhood to prevent skin
cancer later in life.
Nasopharyngeal Cancer (NPC)
A cancer which develops in the
nasopharynx
(area in the back of the nose and
upper throat )
Malignant tumor
(NPC) most common type
three subtypes of NPC keratinizing squamous cell
carcinoma
non-keratinizing squamous cell
carcinoma
undifferentiated carcinoma
What causes NPC?
Not known
Associated with certain dietary habits
e.g.Eating a diet high in salt-cured fish
and meat
香港女性十大常見癌症
How is Cancer Treated?
Four major types :
Surgery
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Biologic therapies
Also hormone therapies such as tamoxifen and
transplant options such as those done with bone
marrow.
Prevention of cancer
Good health
1.Include fruit in your diet
2.Limit alcohol
3.Maintain a healthy body weight
Include fruit in your diet
Diets high in vegetables and fruits
decrease the risk of many other cancers.
Good for overall health, they are low in
energy and a good source of fibre,
vitamins and minerals.
In most cases, better eat the skin of fruit
which is full of vitamins and fibre.
Limit alcohol
High alcohol consumption increases the
risk of developing bowel cancer.
It linked to cancers of the mouth,
pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, liver and
breast.
Alcohol is high in energy (kJ) so
drinking too much can also make it
harder to manage your body weight.
Maintain a healthy body weight
Find time for regular physical activity;eat
more vegetables, fruit and less fat ; reduce
your alcohol intake
Reduces the risk of developing cancer and
many other diseases
Doing regular exercise can also helps people to:
Feel better Be more relaxed Sleep better