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Chapter 3: Genes, Culture, and Adaptation The Red Queen • Why Sex? -Men are Genetic Freeloaders • Why Sex? -Men are Genetic Freeloaders • Planet size piece of food. – The Red Queen Theory • Striking a balance between genetic variability and function • Universality of designs andinterchangeable parts • Human genetic variability • More genetic variability within populations than between populations Population 1 Population 2 Number of Individuals Distance Between Pops Genetic Variation in Common Population 1 Population 2 Number of Individuals Distance Between Pops Genetic Variation in Common Population 1 Population 2 Number of Individuals Distance Between Pops Genetic Variation in Common Physical Measurements (combined classes) • What: Heights, Weights, limb and digit length • Why? – Differences and Similarities Between Populations • Adaptations to different environments – Phenotypic plasticity – Selection (Natural or Sexual) – Differences and Similarities Within Populations • Access to resources – Status – Abilities Types of Adaptation • Genetic – Natural or Sexual Selection – Allen’s rule – Genetic tracking (the spear thrower and the archer) – Disease Resistance • Mutation and HIV resistance • HIV immunity – Malaria and Balanced Polymorphism • Sickle cell and malaria • Evolutionary Medicine – Last Assignment – Pleiotropy • Thrifty Gene theory (Neal) • Senescence a byproduct or is there another reason - “Programmed Death” (telomeres)? Physiological Adaptation • Adaptive response to environmental factors • Last as long as the individual is exposed to the environmental factor • Shivering – to maintain body temperature (homeostasis) • Altitude changes – Volume of Blood – More vascularization Developmental Adaptation – Changes that occur during childhood development – Last a lifetime – Height Cultural Adaptation • • • • Coca chewing Shelters Clothing Etc.