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REVIEW DNA • ___________ contains all the genetic instructions to create all the cells in your body. • What Does DNA stand For? Deoxyribonucleic Acid GENE -part of a DNA molecule • ________ that determines the inherited trait. • Chromosome ____________ - condensed DNA, acts as a storage unit. REVIEW • Where in the cell are chromosomes located? Nucleus • How many pairs of chromosomes do we as Humans have? 23 pairs of Chromosomes • How many chromosomes do you get from each parent? 23 chromosomes from each parent PLEASE LOG ONTO YOUR LAPTOPS NOW History of Genetics People have known about inheritance for a long time. - children resemble their parents - selective breeding of dogs (for breeds) and cattle (best milk or meat) IMPORTANT Discoveries Three major events in the mid-1800’s led directly to the development of modern genetics: 1) Charles Darwin 2) Gregor Mendel 3) Friedrich Miescher IMPORTANT Discoveries • Three major events in the mid-1800’s led directly to the development of modern genetics. • 1859: Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species, which describes the theory of evolution by natural selection. This theory requires heredity to work. • 1866: Gregor Mendel publishes Experiments in Plant Hybridization, which lays out the basic theory of genetics. (Law of Inheritance) • 1871: Friedrich Miescher isolates “nucleic acid” from bread mold. Major Events in the 20th Century Please Copy • 1910: Thomas Hunt Morgan: proved that genes are located on the chromosome • 1941: Beadle and Tatum - show how genes direct the synthesis of enzymes that control metabolic processes “1 gene = 1 enzyme” • 1952: Hershey and Chase - conducted experiments which helped to confirm that DNA was the genetic material that transported traits. More 20th Century Events Please Copy • 1953: Watson and Crick - determine the structure of the DNA molecule, which leads directly to knowledge of how it replicates • 1966: Marshall Nirenberg solves the genetic code, showing that 3 DNA bases in a row code for one amino acid. • 2001: Sequence of the entire human genome is announced. Summarizing What we’ve learnt HOMEWORK • Please copy into your diary: • Complete Worksheet for next lesson First ½ is the most important