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8.5 Translation KEY CONCEPT Translation converts an mRNA message into a polypeptide, or protein. 8.5 Translation Reading Frame = code for AA’s in 3’s Start codon = methionine = AUG Ribosome -tRNA moves AA there -Where proteins are made • Triplet code Codon = 3 mRNA bases =codon chart…use mRNA to code Anticodon= 3 tRNA bases Common Language: Shared genetic code Stop Codon= signals to stop making protein tRNA = Transfer the AA to ribosomes 8.5 Translation • The genetic code matches each codon to its amino acid or function. The genetic code matches each RNA codon with its amino acid or function. – three stop codons – one start codon, codes for methionine 8.5 Translation • A change in the order in which codons are read changes the resulting protein. • Regardless of the organism, codons code for the same amino acid. 8.5 Translation Amino acids are linked to become a protein. • An anticodon is a set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon. • An anticodon is carried by a tRNA. 8.5 Translation • Ribosomes consist of two subunits. – The large subunit has three binding sites for tRNA. – The small subunit binds to mRNA. 8.5 Translation • 1. tRNA binds to a START codon (UAG = methionine) and signals the ribosome to assemble. 8.5 Translation 2. The ribosome helps form a polypeptide bond between the amino acids. 3. The ribosome pulls the mRNA strand the length of one codon and a new tRNA binds 8.5 Translation – The now empty tRNA molecule exits the ribosome. – A complementary tRNA molecule binds to the next exposed codon. – Once the stop codon is reached, the ribosome releases the protein and disassembles.