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INTRO TO MACROMOLECULES “Macro”=BIG; Example: A protein may mass over 100,000 Daltons (amu) Compare to glucose: C6H12O6 = 180 Daltons Polymers made of monomers (subunits = identical or similar) Small molecules common to all organisms are ordered into unique macromolecule for individuals & species. Macromolecule Monomer 1. Carbohydrate = Monosaccharides 2. Lipid = Glycerol/Fatty Acids 3. Protein = Amino Acids 4. Nucleic Acid = Nucleotides Monomers are joined by Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation Synthesis); creates covalent bond. Water is removed from the monomers as they join = “dehydrate” the monomers. • 1 monomer provides the hydroxyl group (OH); the other monomer provides a Hydrogen (H) • Cell uses energy • Enzymes are used Ex. of Dehydration Synthesis Monomers are broken apart through Hydrolysis - (“hydro”= water; “lysis” = break/burst); reverse of dehydration synthesis. Water is used from the cell to hydrolyze the bond between the monomers; break bonds with water. The diversity of macromolecules in the living world is huge! The possible variety is effectively limitless. Why? CARBON!