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Chapter 12
Probation and
Community
Corrections
JUSTIFICATION
 Reintegration
 Preparing offenders to return to the
community unmarred by further criminal
behavior
 Diversion
 Diverting those who qualify away from
prison and jail and toward communitybased intermediate sanctions
 The Low-Cost Alternative
 The high cost of incarceration is a strong
motivator for some to support communitybased corrections
SENTENCING CHOICES
and PROBATION
 Sentencing choices and probation:
 Suspended sentences
 Alternative sentencing choices
 Split sentences
 Shock incarceration
 Intermittent incarceration
PROBATION DENIED
 Offenders are most likely denied
probation if they:
 Are convicted on multiple charges
 Were on probation or parole at the time of
arrest
 Have two or more prior convictions
 Are addicted to narcotics
 Seriously injured the victim of the crime
 Used a weapon in the commission of the
crime
CONDITIONS OF
PROBATION
 Conditions of probation:
 Standard conditions
 Imposed on all probationers
 Punitive conditions
 Designed to reflect the seriousness of the
offense and increase punishment
 Treatment conditions
 Designed to help the offender with issues that
may contribute to criminal activity
PROBATION OFFICERS
 The role of the probation officer:
 Preparing the PSI report (investigative
officers)
 Supervising probationers (line officers)
 Centralized versus decentralized
probation services
 The ideal relationship between
probationer and probation officer is
based on trust. In the absence of trust,
this relationship is based on authority
REVOCATION
 Revocation of probation:
 Probation ends in one of two ways
1. The probation completes the requirements of
probation
2. The probationer fails to meet the
requirements and probation is revoked
 Today, 65% of probationers completed
probation without revocation
REVOCATION PROCESS
 The revocation
process:
 The preliminary
hearing
 The revocation
hearing
 The revocation
sentencing
 Probationer Rights:
 Mempa v. Ray (1967)
 Morrisey v. Brewer
(1972)
 Gagnon v. Scarpelli
(1973)
SANCTIONS
 Judicially Administered Intermediate
Sanctions:
1. Fines
2. Community service
3. Restitution
4. Forfeiture
5. Pretrial diversion programs
 Drug courts
MORE SANCTIONS
 Day Reporting Centers:
 Community based corrections center where
offenders report daily for purposes of
treatment, education, and incapacitation
 Intensive Probation Supervision:
 A more restrictive alternative to regular
probation. Typified by more supervision
and smaller caseloads
MONITORING
 Levels of Home Monitoring:
1. Curfew
2. Home detention
3. Home incarceration
 Types of Electronic Monitoring:
 Programmed contact
 Continuously signaling