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The point of view of
Osservatorio Regionale Banche –Imprese
di Economia e Finanza BARI, ITALY
WARSAW, SEPTEMBER 24th/25th
By Dr. Maria Patrizia Marino
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MEZZOGIORNO OF ITALY : BACKGROUND
 STRATEGIC LOCATION
 TEMPERATE CLIMATE: HOT AND DRY SUMMERS; MILD
AND WET WINTERS
 TOTAL AREA: 123.000 square Km = 40,8% of Italian Surface
 POPULATION: 20.842.000 = 34,8% of Italian Population
 GDP 2008: 371.918,40 millions of euros (current price) =
28,6% Italian GDP
RATE OF UNEMPLOYMENT: 12% (ITALY 7,5%)
RATE OF EMPLOYMENT: 52,4% (Lisbon Strategy: an overall rate
of employment= 70%)
 WAGE-EARNING POPULATION: 6.684,4 = 27,2% of Italian one
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1951/1992: EXTRAORDINARY INTERVENTION
BY GOVERNMENT
THE TOTAL COST COMES TO 342,5 BILLIONS EUROS
A GREAT GAP BETWEEN
NORTH & SOUTH OF ITALY
UP THE 80s TO NOW: STRUCTURAL FUNDS
BY EU
THE TOTAL COST COMES TO 30 BILLIONS EUROS
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Figures and Issues of the GAP
In the south of Italy
Southern GDP per Capita
in 1951 was 55% of
Northern one
Southern GDP per Capita
Today is 57,9% of
Northern one
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WHY WASN’T
THERE A
RECOVERY IN
COMPARATIVE
TERMS?
THE MAIN PROBLEMS
HISTORICAL
INSTITUTIONAL
FINANCIAL
SOCIAL
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The Question of Southern Economic Development
THE PROCESS OF
THE UNITY OF ITALY
Elimination of
intermediate
bodies(such as
labourers & small
landowners)
The
Establishm
ent of
Criminal
Networks
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The Southern
Agricultural
Products Sold at
a Low Price
The northern
Manufactures
Sold at a
High Price
The Migrations
impoverished the
south of human
resources to
industrialize the
northern area
Policies antidistributive
were achieved
such as the tax
on the flour and
deferring of the
Agrarian
Reform
….PREVENTING THE SOUTH OF ITALY TO
START A PROCESS OF ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
INSTITUTIONAL
ISSUE
Bureaucratic
Delays
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Plethora of
Institutional
Bodies
Extreme
Fragmentation
and Bounce
of
Responsabilities
Delays
from
Governing
Board
FINANCIAL ISSUE
Budget
Constraints
• National Debt
•National Deficit
•The Stability and
Growth Pact
Reduction of the percentage addressed
by Financial Act to the Investment in
the South of Italy from the approved
45% to the current 35%
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Social Issue
CRIMINALITY
LACK OF
GENERATIONAL
TURNOVER
LACK OF
MERITOCRATIC
APPROACH
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SOUTHERN INDUSTRIAL
SYSTEM: NEGATIVE ASPECTS
COMPANY
POLICIES &
MARKETING
STRATEGIES
BASED ON
JUST
LOW PRICES
POLICIES
MEDIUM/SMALL
SIZE WITH A VERY
SMALL
CAPITALIZATION
DEGREE, CASH
FLOW & ASSETS
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VERY FEW
INVESTMENT
IN R&D, ICT,
AND A LOT OF
FACILITIES
AND
MACHINERY
THE
COMPETITIVENESS
IS VERY LOW
VERY HARD
RELATIONS
BETWEEN
BANKSENTERPRIS
ES
SOUTHERN INDUSTRIAL
SYSTEM: POSITIVE ASPECTS
AREAS GONE OUT FROM CONVERGENCE OBJECTIVE
ABRUZZO SARDEGNA MOLISE BASILICATA (PHASING OUT)
REMARKABLE
INDUSTRIAL SECTORS
AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY, MECHANICAL
SECTOR, PETROLCHEMICAL, LOGISTICS
(Harbours such as Gioia Tauro & Taranto),
FASHION INDUSTRY, ICT, AGRO-INDUSTRY,
ENERGY INDUSTRY)
THESE VIRTUOUS PROCESSES ARE
LOCATED DOWN COASTAL
AREAS(TOURISM) AND AROUND THE
MAIN CITIES (SERVICE INDUSTRY &
CULTURE)
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MEZZOGIORNO OF ITALY: SWOT analysis
STRENGHTS
Strategic Location
Production System
Availability Human
Capital and
Availability Production
Capacity(Factories)
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WEAKENESSES
Competition from
Emerging Countries
Inefficiency of
Institutions
 An Obsolete System of
Governance
MEZZOGIORNO OF ITALY: SWOT analysis
OPPORTUNITIES
East Corridor
Good “geo-economic
hub”
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THREATS
Mentality of
Resignation,
Complaint and Escape
from Own
Responsabilities
BANKS-ENTERPRISES OBSERVATORY
ACTIVITIES
 PROCESS AND DYNAMICS OF COMPETITIVENESS IN
SOUTHERN SMEs
 ELEMENTS AND DATA TO HELP THE
SOCIOECONOMIC ACTORS ON THE TERRITORY IN
ECONOMIC PLANNING & POLICIES
 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BANKS & ENTERPRISES
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WHAT CAN WE DO ALL TOGETHER FOR
OUR TRIPLE MEZZOGIORNO
GENUINE AND TANGIBLE APPLICATION AND DISSEMINATION
OF LISBON STRATEGY PRINCIPLES (SOCIAL COHESION, MORE
AND BETTER JOBS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT).
TO AIM INVESTMENTS AT
FOSTERING INNOVATION, R&D,
MARKET,
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION &
TRAINING SYSTEM
TO DEFINE GOOD
POLICIES FOR FDI
(FAVOURABLE TAXATION
SYSTEM, INFRASTRUCTURES..)
EFFECTIVE USE OF STRUCTURAL FUNDS
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OBI’s PROPOSAL
A NEW
APPROACH TO
FACE A LONGTERM
DEVELOPMENT
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THANK YOU FOR THE
ATTENTION
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