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Geography Understanding Our World Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Human Geography- the effect people have on the land and the land has on people Terms Birth Rate- the ratio between births and individuals in a specified population and time Death Rate- the ratio between deaths and individuals in a specified population For example 7 deaths per 1,000 people Infant Mortality Rate- the ratio of the death of infants in the first year of life in a specified population Gross Domestic Product The GDP of a country is defined as the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. Per capita GDP is the market value of all final goods divided by the population of a country These statistics can help show how poor or wealthy a country is Educational Expenditures How much a country spends on its educational systems This can indicate the education level of the citizens and the financial well being of the country If a country spends more on educations it • Has money to spend • Has a more educated population capable of making more money Breaking it down Statistics are useless by themselves We must be able to take statistics and interpret them Once we interpret them then we can get some true meaning from them. Carrying Capacity How many people can live on a given piece of land, based on available food, climate, and various other factors. Disputes over Territory Often geography can be a major cause of conflict There are regions of the world that have been contested for years • Israel-Palestine • Kashmir India-Pakistan • Kuwait-Iraq Why would countries dispute territory Religious significance • Example the crusades Borders changed by conflict or treaties Natural Resources • Some areas of the world are rich in natural resources and countries fight for them 2 Groups claiming the same land Israel and the Palestinians Differing views over acquiring land Different countries and cultures have different ideas about acquiring and keeping land Urbanization A movement of people in a country from country (rural) to city (urban) Results of Urbanization • Cities Grow Large • Overcrowding Crime Disease • Pollution • Population growth • Over time income and quality of life increases Movement of people Why do people move from one place to another? Push and pull factors Social Reasons Political Reasons Environmental Reasons Economic Reasons