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Unit 6: Cultural Geography of Africa Population 2012 Population – about 1,000,000,000 Arabic Yoruba Oromo Hausa Berber Other ethnic groups make up the balance 145 million 30 million 30 million 30 million 20 million Accurate census figures are not available for most African countries Africa’s population has quadrupled since 1955 A very small percentage of Africa’s population lives in urban areas Africa has few large metropolitan areas African urban populations are growing at a very fast rate; urban slums are expanding rapidly Africa is home to about 14% of the world’s population Over 80% of the world’s HIV-positive population lives in Africa; the vast majority live in Sub-Saharan Africa Language Africans speak a wide variety of languages Afro-Asiatic Niger-Congo Nilo-Saharan Khoe-San Austronesian Indo-European Some African countries have an official language, though they are not always the most common A few African languages and dialects include whistling, drumming and clicking Religion Muslim Christian Various indigenous Hindu, Jewish, no particular belief 45% 40% less than 15% ~1% Society Income Africa is the world’s poorest and most underdeveloped continent Spread of deadly diseases High levels of illiteracy Tribal and military conflicts Corrupt governments Little access to foreign capital ~50% of Sub-Saharan Africa lives in poverty Malnutrition is rampant Global GDP History World’s oldest human remains found in South Africa Some of our planet’s earliest civilizations were along the Nile in present-day Egypt Characteristics of early civilizations Religion Trade Agriculture Social hierarchy Government Early African kingdoms Egypt Kush Aksum Mali Ghana Songhai Immigrants (colonists) Ancient Greece (c. 323 BC) Arabia (7th Century AD) Portugal (1400s) Scramble for Africa (late 1800s) Belgium Germany Great Britain Portugal Netherlands Decolonization-post WWII European Colonial Holdings in Africa, c.1914 Folklife Africa is rich in folk arts and crafts African culture was popularized in the Western world during the 1960s African musical traditions contributed greatly to popular music of the US, world Africa is world’s leading cassava, yam producer Coffee and okra probably originated in Africa Economy National economies vary from free market to command economies Based on average per capita GDP, Africa is the poorest continent on Earth Many Africans live subsistence lives African economic resources include Agriculture Mining Petroleum production Manufacturing Africa is the least developed continent North Africa is much wealthier than SubSaharan Africa Government Wide range of governments Democracy Monarchy Dictatorship Theocracy Military influence in government is common African Tidbits At 4,132 miles, the Nile is the world’s longest river Africa’s highest elevation is Mt. Kilimanjaro at 19,340 ft. The Sahara is the world’s largest desert Most African slaves who were sent to the Americas came from the west coast of Africa Africa leads the world in the production of diamonds, platinum, and manganese