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People Events Economics Politics Society 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 Henry Ford did not invent the automobile. Rather he is significant because of what development in the production of the automobile? The use of the assembly line. This black leader proposed that blacks should return to Africa and proposed the establishment of a black national army in the U.S. Marcus Garvey Commodore Matthew Perry, with his big naval gunships, forced open the ports of this country to trade with the United States. Japan This author of the Communist Manifesto said that all of history was a struggle between the haves and the have-nots. Karl Marx This millionaire businessman of the Industrial Age made his fortune in oil – starting in Cleveland, Ohio. John D. Rockefeller Please explain why the 1919 Race Riots were caused by the Great Migration. As the economy slowed at the end of WWI, white northerners unleashed their anger upon newly arrived blacks because blacks took their jobs (they would work for less pay). What New Deal program was established to attempt to prevent problems that led to the Stock Market Crash of 1929? Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) This event, striking the world in 1918, killed many more people world-wide than the first world war. Influenza Epidemic This event was the “spark” that set off the powder keg that was WWI. The assassination of archduke Franz Ferdinand. Please explain how the policies of laissez-faire capitalism led to the Haymarket Square Riot. Since the government did not interfere with private business, bourgeois owners could run their factories in inhumane ways. Since the government would not help them, workers started to form unions, and sometimes strikes and rallies would get out of hand – like Haymarket. In a purely capitalist economy, the price of a given commodity is regulated by what two factors? Supply and Demand What is the number one thing that communism seeks to eliminate from society? Private property Please identify what Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is? GDP is the measurement of the total wealth of a nation Please identify what a depression is. A depression is a severe economic downtown, usually typified by high unemployment. Please explain Adam Smith’s “Invisible Hand Theory.” The theory is that, in a capitalist economy, when an individual pursues his greedy self-interest, he inadvertently benefits society as a whole. Theodore Roosevelt was called a trust-busting president. What does this refer to? TR aggressively went after monopolistic companies and broke them up. What was the purpose of the Espionage Act? It restricted speech that presented a “clear and present danger” to the country during WWI. Why did the court-packing plan cause some of the country and his own party to start to lose faith in FDR’s New Deal programs? People saw it as an attempt by the presidency to circumvent the checks and balances of the judicial branch. Please explain how the politics of laissez-faire capitalism led to the terrible working conditions in U.S. factories during the Industrial Age. Since the government did not regulate business at all, bourgeois factory owners could get away with treating their workers in an inhumane way. Please contrast how President Herbert Hoover and President Franklin Roosevelt dealt with the Great Depression. Hoover (Republican) believed that individuals and private businesses could solve the problems of the Depression. FDR (Democrat) believed that the power of the federal government had to be used to help people out of the Depression. Why did the availability of the automobile given rise to a culture of “Flaming Youth” of the 1920s? Teenagers could escape the control of their parents by going out in their cars. How did Upton Sinclair’s book The Jungle about Chicago’s meatpacking plants change society? It led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). What were some direct effects of Prohibition? Rise in rebellious drinking Underground market (bootlegging, speakeasies) Police corruption Strengthened organized crime. This artistic movement celebrated the dignity of African-Americans in contrast to the world of white racism in which they lived. The Harlem Renaissance. How did the Eugenics movement seek to solve the problem of poverty in the United States? Eugenicists believed that genes that produced poverty were passed on from generation from generation. You could eliminate those “poor genes” by sterilizing poor people.