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EULAKS Policy Workshop
Informing the Knowledge Society – Feeding SSH Research into Policy
Design in Latin America end Europe
London 23-24, September 2010
Knowledge Society Capacity Building in LA: the use of
indicators
Daniel Villavicencio
Alberto Morales & Marcela Amaro
(UAM-X)
The questions raised are:
• Are Latina American countries building
institucional capabilities towards the KS?
• Are there new policies and instruments?
• What indicators can we use to analyse and
asses the access to the KS
Elements of the KS
TIC´S
Economy
Educational System
-Hardware
-Macroeconomic
Stability
-Primary Education
-Software
-Tecnological
-R&D expediture
and scientific
education
-Public
&Private Research
Centers
-Innovation incentives
Knowledge Based Society
-Universities
-University-Industry
projects
Specialized
Human
Resourses
Infrastructure
telephone lines
Computer access
-Internet users
S&T
Policy
Intelectual Property System
-Patents
The knowledge based society
•
Capabilities of acquisition, stockage, production and transfering of knowlege
•
Increasing importance of technological and organizational innovation in
firms and also other institutions
•
Employement in knowledge intensive sectors and increasing importance of
these sectores in the economy (emerging sectors)
•
HR investment, professional training, knowledge difussion, etc.
•
More knowledge intensive services
•
Knowledge flows & Intermadiate organizations for knowledge trasnfering
•
New social capabilities to take advantage of knowledge (empowerment)
•
The use of instruments to asses the performance of policy and foreseight.
What can we measure?
–
–
Which data can be picked up?
how and what for (assesment, international
cooperation, benchhmark, etc.)?
–
Who produce data (universities, public
organizations, enterprises)?
–
What realities do statistics repport (outputs vs
dynamics)?
A problem for measurement
Inputs-Stocks-outputs
(Oslo, OCDE, Frascati, Bogotá, Esocyt, Camberra, Santiago)
–
–
–
–
–
R&D investments
Funds for innovation research & activities
S&T-Hum Ress, training and education
Patents
Publications
What about processes (how to measure) ?
– Learning capabilities (in SMEs)
– Knowledge networks performance
– Incremental innovation (inventing around, technological catching-up,
industrial upgrading, products’ tropicalisation…)
– Knowledge spill-over
What international statistics
do not let us know
• All knowledge flows,
• Local language publicactions
•
•
•
•
•
The use of traditional (non scientific knowledge)
Tehnological absortion capabilities, adaptations
Learning paths
Impact of S&T+I Policty on social problem solving
Social capabilites for knowledge absortion
Indicators in LA
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hum Ress in S&T, Education
Funds and $$ for S&T
Infrastructure
Use of Internet, TICs,
Scientific production
Innovation in firms, patents, R&D
Progress in Knowledge Society Indicators
Based on the existent indicators for each country
Prerequisites for the Knowledge Society
Infrastructure
and resources*
Socioeconomics**
Co
Vz
Ar
Co
Br
Ar
Ur
Ur
Br
Vz
Mx
Mx
UE
UE
Outcome variables
e-Applications,
outputs and
markets***
Vz
Co
Ar
Mx
Ur
Br
UE
* Communication and education indicators
** Employment, Training and skills, Social inclusion and Security indicators
*** Innovation capability, labour flexibility, e-applications , wealth and satisfaction indicators
Annual GDP Growth (%),
2003-2007
Availability of eGDP per Capita (in/nal
10
Government Services (1current $ PPP), 2007
9
7), 2008
Internet Users per
1000
Human Development
8
People, 2007
Index, 2005
7
6
Daily Newspapers per
Royalty Payments and
5
1,000 People, 2004
receipts(US$/pop.) 2007
4
3
Households with
Researchers in R&D / Mil.
2
Television (%), 2006
People, 2006
1
0
Computers per 1000
Total Expenditure for R&D
People, 2007
as % of GDP, 2006
Total Telephones per
1000 People, 2007
Prof. and Tech. Workers
as % of Labor Force, 2007
Internet Access in Schools
(1-7), 2008
S&E Journal Articles / Mil.
People, 2005
Patents Granted by
USPTO / Mil. People, avg
Adult Literacy 2003-2007
Rate (% age
15 and above), 2007
Gross Secondary
Enrollment rate, 2007
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Mexico
Uruguay
Venezuela
Tensions and challenges
Data: National dynamics vs international comparaison
(objectifs, actors, priorities, instruments…)
Performance: inputs, outputs (process?)
Existence of cognitive divides:
Actors have different learning capabilities, while indicators
attempt to standardize
Between knowledge use & adaptation or knowledge
creation
Towards the knowledge based society in L.A.
Some challenges
Integrating Social needs: complexity, asymmetries, evolution of
goals…
Considering Institutional logics, incentives, paths & lock-in
effects
Contribution to define public policy agendas in S&T+I and the
use of proper INDICATORS (information platforms)
Performing efficency and impact : evaluation methodologies &
foresight?
What do we measure?
What do we measure?
What do we measure?