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Transcript
The 8th Asia Economic Forum
17 March 2012
ASEAN Community Building:
The Countdown to 2015
ASEAN-ADB Engagement
Peter Brimble
Deputy Country Director/
Senior Country Economist
ADB Cambodia Resident Mission
Presentation Outline
•
•
Context and content of existing ASEAN-ADB
engagement, and recent developments
Building a more focused ADB approach to assist
ASEAN realize AEC by 2015:
•
•
•
•
Subregional programs of GMS, BIMP-EAGA, IMTGT as building blocs and test beds
Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity
ASEAN Infrastructure Fund
Planned Regional technical assistance on Trade
Facilitation Support for AEC Blueprint
Context of ADB-ASEAN Engagement
•
•
ADB’s own charter 1996
ADB RCI Strategy (2006):
•
•
•
•
Pillar 1: Regional and subregional cooperation on cross-border
infrastructure and related software; RDs)
Pillar 2: Trade and investment (RDs and OREI)
Pillar 3: Monetary and financial integration (RDs and OREI)
Pillar 4: Regional public goods (RSDD)
•
ASEAN Charter and “New” SERD (2007), including all ASEAN
•
ADB Strategy 2020 (2008):
member countries
•
•
•
RCI is one of the three complementary strategic agendas, and one
of the five core areas of specialization
Institutional and operational goal of RCI activities accounting for
at least 30% of all activities by 2020
ADB-ASEAN Secretariat MoU, 2006-2010;
2011-2015 MoU to be signed this April 4
Content ADB-ASEAN Engagement
since
1997-1998
ASEAN & ASEAN+3 has been requesting ADB to support their
initiatives on regional monetary and financial cooperation
ADB-ASEAN Secretariat MOU (policy dialogue, research,
2006-2010 capacity building & institutional strengthening; support for
subregional programs; narrowing development gap; support
for regional public goods; knowledge sharing & dissemination)
since late
2000
started
2010
TAs on health and food security
TAs on ASEAN Community; Subregions as building blocks
Proposed New ADB-ASEAN Secretariat MOU for 2011-2015:
Focal areas – connectivity (physical & soft), environmental
2011-2015 sustainability, financial & capital market integration; EAS
process; macroeconomic surveillance; trade & investment;
agricultural development through trade facilitation;
Crosscutting Theme – narrowing the development gap
OREI
&
SEFM
OREI
&
SERD
RSDD
OREI
&
SERD
SERD
OREI
RSDD
New Strategic Focus for ASEAN-ADB
•
•
ASEAN: Against backdrop of the global economic crisis and
member country vulnerabilities, need for macro rebalancing
externally and narrowing development gaps internally
New strategic focus on:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Prioritizing connectivity infrastructure projects and related software
Extending financial & capital market integration;
Environmental sustainability through climate change mitigation and
adaptation/disaster risk management issues; and
Results-based approach
Continuing Cooperation on: Economic ASEAN Secretariat
process, macroeconomic surveillance, trade and investment,
and planned Trade Facilitation Support to AEC Blueprint
Implementation
Recent ADB assistance to ASEAN-led Initiatives: Master Plan on
ASEAN Connectivity, and ASEAN Infrastructure Fund (AIF);
Speeding-Up AEC Opportunities
Establishing new strategic compact between national,
sub-regional and regional connectivity
Extending and enhancing physical connectivity to
transform transport corridors into economic corridors,
and linking to rural areas
Complementing with targeted software from sub-region
groupings (e.g. transport and trade facilitation, SPS, and
logistics; power purchase agreements), consistent with
ASEAN agreements and protocols
Improving sub-national, national and cross-country
policy coordination, and strengthening institutions
Engaging all key stakeholders; especially private sector
Borders divide, sub-regions connect, and regions bridge
sub-regional and global agendas






6
Subregional Programs and ASEAN
TA: Promoting Links and Improving Coordination Among
GMS, BIMP-EAGA, IMT and ASEAN
Improving the strategic and institutional linkages between
the subregional groupings and ASEAN
BIMP-EAGA
Building blocks
to ASEAN
Test beds for ASEAN
IMT-GT
ASEAN
GMS
Linkage with
Initiative for
ASEAN integration
(IAI) - CLMV
ADB’s Multi-faceted Role in the GMS
• ADB worked with the 6 countries of the GMS in
launching a program of subregional economic
cooperation (GMS Program) in 1992 to enhance their
economic relations
• Since then, ADB has been the program secretariat and
coordinator
• Serves as a financial (loans and technical assistance),
technical (capacity development), and increasingly a
knowledge supporter
• An honest broker of subregional dialogue at both
political and operational levels, and among stakeholders
• As a catalyst by bringing together different participants
in the program and helping them reach a consensus
• New GMS Strategic Framework, 2012-2022 focused on
so-called second-generation projects and software
People’s Republic of China
The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)
in 2011
Myanmar
Land area: 63,100,000 ha
Population: 93.6 m.
GDP per capita: US$1,988
(figures for Yunnan and Guangxi only)
Land area: 67,658,000 ha
Population: 50.5 m.
GDP per capita: est. at US$340
Viet Nam
Land area: 32,931,000 ha
Population: 92.0 m.
Thailand
GDP per capita: US$1,032
Land area: 51,312,000 ha
Population: 65.5 m.
Lao PDR
GDP per capita: US$3,893
Land area: 23,680,000 ha
Population: 6.3 m.
The GMS in 2011
GDP per capita: US$940
Land area: 256,758,000 ha
Population: 323.4 M
GDP per capita: US$1,477*
• With estimates for Myanmar
• Data for 2009 from World Bank
Cambodia
Land area: 18,104,000 ha
Population: 15.5 m.
GDP per capita: US$667
9
Enhancing Connectivity,
Competitiveness And Community
Strategic Thrusts
Strengthen
infrastructure
linkages
Facilitate crossborder trade,
investment & tourism
Enhance private
sector participation &
competitiveness
Develop human
resources & skills
competencies
Protect environment &
promote sustainable
use of shared natural
resources
Action Plan
• Transport
• Telecommunications
• Energy
• Environment
• Tourism
• Trade
• Investment
• Human Resource
Development
Goals
Vision
• Accelerated and
sustained
economic growth
• Reduced poverty
& income
disparities
• Improved quality
of life
• Sustainable
management of
environment &
natural resources
More
Integrated
Prosperous
Harmonious
Subregion
• Agriculture
10
GMS Strategic Framework: 2002-2012
GMS Results
Connectivity
1992
Roads
Telecommunications
Power Transmission
Line
11
GMS Results
Connectivity
2008
Roads
Telecommunications
Power Transmission
Line
12
GMS Results
Connectivity
2015
Roads
Telecommunications
Power Transmission
Line
13
The GMS Southern Economic Corridor
•
•
•
•
Economically
diversified
Endowed with
abundant natural
and human
resources
Has the necessary
drivers of
economic growth
Linking three key
nodes – Bangkok,
Phnom Penh, and
Ho Chi Minh City
InterCorridor
Link
Northern
SubCorridor
Southern
Coastal
SubCorridor
14
Much progress in infrastructure; less on software!
Central
SubCorridor
Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity
• ADB participated in the High-Level Task Force
meetings and helped in the review process
• ADB drafted a chapter on mobilizing resources
for enhancing connectivity in ASEAN
• ADB is featured in MPAC in two specific areas:
(i) support to subregional cooperation in
Southeast Asia; and (ii) as a key partner in
mobilizing resources
• MPAC includes proposed flagship projects, two
of which are ADB energy projects in
Indonesia/Malaysia
ASEAN Infrastructure Fund (AIF)
• New instrument to help resolve paradox of ASEAN;
namely massive infrastructure deficits, yet very
large amounts of private savings and foreign
exchange reserves
• Preparation of AIF coordinated by an ASEAN-led
High-Level Task Force (Chaired by Malaysia), with
assistance on technical financial design,
operational structure, and governance framework
from ADB
• ADB requested to manage the fund
[http://www.aseansec.org/26643.htm]
Planned Regional TA on Trade Facilitation
Support for AEC Blueprint
• Preparation in 2012 of the above technical
assistance project
• Meet the AEC vision through enhancing transport
and trade facilitation, through leveraging activities
in the three sub-groupings
• Key proposed activities:
• Generating baseline data and analytical reports
• Capacity development for national single
window systems, coordinated border
management, strengthening risk management
• Assessing hardware and software systems
Concluding Thoughts
• Perceptions of ASEAN:
• Check out the website of the ASEAN Mekong
Basin Development Cooperation (AMBDC)
• Need for ASEAN to:
• Support CLMV countries to leapfrog the
development gap (in fact perhaps CLM – as V is
rumored to be planning to join VIP)
• Support members that are lagging in
implementing AEC
• Ongoing balancing of national interests and
regional interests, and also subregional interests
Thank You!