Download Muscles

Brachialis Muscle:
Origin- halfway down the humerus (both medial and lateral of the radial groove)
Insertion- proximal ulna
Action- flexes elbow
Triceps Medial Head:
Origin- proximal half of dorsal humerus
Insertion- distal of elbow on the ulna
Action- extends elbow
Serratus Anterior:
Origin- lateral service of ribs 1-8 (bone only)
Insertion- medial borer of the scapula
Action- moves scapula forward
Sport/Activity- benchpress, push-ups
Pectoralis Minor:
Origin- anterior surface of the ribs 3-5 (just past the origins of the serratus anterior)
Insertion- coracoid process of the scapula
Action- rotates the shoulder forward
Sport/Activity- volleyball, running
Pectoralis Major:
Origin- ribs 5-7 (actually attaches to fascia of abdominal muscles)
Insertion- lateral edge of the most proximal part of the humerus
Action-abduct shoulder across body
Sport/Activity- basketball, push-ups
Sternocostalis Head:
Origin- ribs 1-5 on the lateral edge of the sternum
Insertion- lateral edge of the humerus, inferior to the insertion of the abdominal
head
Action- pulls clavicle forward
Sport/Activity- tennis, over-head throw
Trapezius Minor:
Name origin- the trapezius is shaped like a trapezoid
Origin- Upper part: External occipital protuberance, medial third of the superior
nuchal line, the ligamentum nuchal, and the spinous process of C7. Medial Part:
Spinous processes of T1 to T5. Lower Part: Spinous processes of T6 to T12
Insertion- Upper Part: Lateral third of the clavicle and the medial aspect of the
acromion process of the scapula. Middle Part: Medial edge of the superior surface
of the acromion process of the scapula and the superior edge of the scapular
spine. Lower Part: Tubercles of the apex of the scapular spine
Action- Upper Part: Upward rotation of the scapula, elevation of the scapula.
Middle Part: Retraction of the scapula. Lower Part: Upper rotation of the scapula,
depression of the scapula
Rhomboid minor:
Name origin- the rhomboid is shaped like a rhombus
Origin- Lower ligamentum nuchea, spines of C7 and T1
Insertion- Small area of posteromedial border of scapula at level of spine, below
levator scapulae
Action- Retracts scapula. Rotates lower scapula back to rest position
Gluteus maximus:
Name origin- Gluteus comes from the Greek word for buttock and the gluteus
maximus is the largest muscle in the buttock
Origin- Gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion- Gluteal tuberosity of the femur and iliotibial tract
Action- Extends and laterally rotates hip. Maintains knee extended via iliotibial
tract
Gluteus minimus:
Name origin- Gluteus comes from the Greek word for buttock and the gluteus
minimus is the smallest muscle in the buttock
Origin- Outer surface of ilium between middle and inferior gluteal lines
Insertion- Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
Action- Abducts and medially rotates hip. Tilts pelvis on walking
Frontalis:
Name origin- the frontalis is located near the frontal lobe
Origin- Occipital : highest nuchal line and mastoid process. Frontal: superior fibers
of upper facial muscles
Insertion- Galeal aponeurosis
Action- Wrinkles forehead and fixes galeal aponeurosis
Temporalis:
Name origin- the temporalis is located near the temporal lobe
Origin-Temporal fossa between inferior temporal line and infratemporal crest
Insertion- Medial and anterior aspect of coronoid process of mandible
Action- Elevates mandible and posterior fibers retract
Orbicularis Oculi:
Name origin- The Latin meaning for Orbicularis Oculi is little circle in eye and it is
the circular muscle around the eye
Origin- Medial orbital margin and lacrimal sac (orbital, palpebral and lacrimal
parts)
Insertion- Lateral palpebral raphe
Action- Closes eyelids, aids passage and drainage of tears
Transverse abdominis:
Name origin- The Latin name for the Transverse abdominis is across and to turn.
The muscle is across the abdomen and helps you turn from side to side
Origin- Costal margin, lumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest and lateral
half of inguinal ligament
Insertion- Aponeurosis of posterior and anterior rectus sheath and conjoint tendon
to pubic crest and pectineal line
Action- Supports abdominal wall, aids forced expiration and raising intraabdominal pressure. Conjoint tendon supports posterior wall of inguinal canal
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris:
Name origin- The Latin meaning of the flexor carpi ulnaris is to bend the wrist on
the ulnar side. That is what that muscle does
Origin- Humeral head: common flexor origin of medial epicondyle. Ulnar head:
aponeurosis from medial olecranon and upper three quarters subcutaneous
border of ulna
Insertion- Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal via pisohamate and
pisometacarpal ligaments
Action- Flexes and adducts wrist. Fixes pisiform during action of hypothenar
muscles
Extensor digitorum longus:
Name origin- The extensor digiorum longus has a Latin meaning of long muscle
that straightens the toes. That is what this muscle does
Origin-Upper two thirds of anterior shaft of fibula, interosseous membrane and
superior tibiofibular joint
Insertion- Extensor expansion of lateral four toes
Action- Extends toes and extends foot at ankle
SternoCleidomastoid:
Name origin-It is given the name sternocleidomastoid because it originates at the
manubrium of the sternum (sterno-) and the clavicle (cleido-), and has an insertion
at the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull.
Origin- Anterior and superior manubrium and superior medial third of clavicle
Insertion- Lateral aspect of mastoid process and anterior half of superior nuchal
line
Action- Flexes and laterally rotates cervical spine. Protracts head when acting
together . Extends neck when neck already partially extended
Brachioradialis:
Name origin- a flexor of the radial side of the forearm arising from the lateral
supracondylar ridge of the humerus and inserted into the styloid process of the
radius.
Origin- Upper two thirds of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and lateral
intermuscular septum
Insertion- Base of styloid process of radius
Action- Flexes arm at elbow and brings forearm into midprone position
Biceps Brachii:
Name origin- bi=2; caput=head/ceps; biceps=two headed.
Origin- Long head:supraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Short head: coracoid process
of scapula with coracobrachialis
Insertion- posterior border of bicipital tuberosity of radius (over bursa) and
bicipital aponeurosis to deep fascia and subcutaneous ulna
Action- Supinates forearm, flexes elbow, weakly flexes shoulder
Triceps Brachii:
Name origin- tri=3; caput=head/ceps; triceps= three headed.
Origin- Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula. lateral head: upper half
posterior humerus (linear origin). medial head: lies deep on lower half posterior
humerus inferomedial to spiral groove and both intermuscular septa
Insertion- Posterior part of upper surface of olecranon process of ulna and
posterior capsule
Action- Extends elbow. Long head stabilizes shoulder joint. medial head retracts
capsule of elbow joint on extension
Teres Minor:
Origin- Middle third 3rd lateral border of scapula over teres minor
Insertion- Inferior facet of greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder
joint
Action-Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
Sport/Activity- Pitching in baseball
Joint Spanned- Ball-and-Socket (shoulder)
Infraspinatus:
Origin- Medial three quarters of infraspinous fossa of scapula and fibrous
intermuscular septa
Insertion- Middle facet of greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder
joint
Action- Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
Sport/Activity- Raquet sports
Joint Spanned- Ball-and-Socket (shoulder)
Supraspinatus:
Origin- Medial three quarters of supraspinous fossa of scapula, upper surface of
spine (bipennate)
Insertion- Superior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder
joint
Action- Abducts arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
Sport/Activity- Throwing
Joint Spanned- Ball-and-Socket (shoulder)
Teres major:
Origin- Oval area (lower third) of lateral side of inferior angle of scapula below
teres minor
Insertion- Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus
Action- Medially rotates and adducts arm. Stabilizes shoulder joint
Sport/Activity- Ice hockey
Joint Spanned- Ball-and-Socket (shoulder)
Extensor pollicis longus:
Origin- Middle third of posterior ulna (below abductor pollicis longus) and
adjacent interosseous membrane
Insertion- Base of distal phalanx of thumb via Lister's tubercle (dorsal tubercle of
radius).
Action- Extends interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb
Sport/Activity- Tennis, Bowling
Joint Spanned- Condyloid (wrist, fingers), Hinge (fingers)
Extensor Digitorum:
Origin- Common extensor origin on anterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of
humerus
Insertion- External expansion to middle and distal phalanges by four tendons.
Tendons 3 and 4 usually fuse and little finger just receives a slip
Action- Extends all joints of fingers
Sport/Activity- Catching a football
Joint Spanned- Condyloid , Hinge (fingers)
Flexor pollicis longus:
Origin- Anterior surface of radius below anterior oblique line and adjacent
interosseous membrane
Insertion- Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Action- Flexes distal phalanx of thumb
Sport/Activity- Giving a thumbs up
Joint Spanned- Hinge (finger)
Flexor digitorum superficialis:
Origin- Humeral head: common flexor origin of medial epicondyle humerus,
medial ligament of elbow. Ulnar head: medial border of coronoid process and
fibrous arch. Radial head: whole length of anterior oblique line
Insertion- Tendons split to insert onto sides of middle phalanges of medial four
fingers
Action- Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints and secondarily
metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist
Sport/Activity- Fist Bump
Joint spanned- Condyloid (wrist)