Download FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY John Christiansen, PT, OCS, ATC

FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
John Christiansen, PT, OCS, ATC
Advanced Rehabilitation Clinics
1. Clavicle:
articulates with sternoclavicular joint medially and acromioclavicular joint laterally
muscle attachments: pectoralis major, deltoid, trapezius and subclavius
2. 1st Rib:
articulates with T1 and manubrium
muscle attachments: middle scalene and subclavius
3. Coracoid Process:
coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligaments
muscle attachment: pectoralis minor
4. Acromion Process:
articulates with clavicle
muscle attachments: deltoid
5. Greater Tuberosity:
muscle attachments: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, pect major (lateral lip
of intertubercular groove)
6. Lesser Tuberosity:
ligamentus attachments: superior glenohumeral, middle glenohumeral, transverse
humeral
muscle attachment: subscapularis
7. Ligaments:
a. Coracoclavicular- connects coracoid process and lateral clavicle
b. Coracoacromial- connects coracoid process and acromion to form
coracoacromial arch-key player in impingement
c. Transverse humeral- unites lesser and greater tuberosities, holds long
head of biceps
d. Superior Glenohumeral- runs from glenoid to superior lesser tuberosity,
contributes to posterior and inferior stabilization and resists inferior
translation of humerus in unloaded, abducted shoulder
e. Middle Glenohumeral- runs from glenoid to medial lesser tuberosity,
limits ER in lower abducted ranges and provides anterior stability in 45°
abduction
f. Inferior Glenohumeral- composed of 3 parts- anterior and posterior
bands and an axillary pouch, tightens as abduction in increased, at 90°
abduction primary restraint to anterior and posterior dislocation, axillary
pouch acts a hammock resisting inferior translation
8. Muscles:
a. Subscapularis- O: medial 2/3 costal surface of scapula
I: lesser tuberosity
I: subscapular nerves (C5,6,7)
A: shoulder adduction, interior rotation
b. Supraspinatus-O: supraspinous fossa
I: upper facet of greater tuberosity
I: suprascapular nerve (C4,5,6)
A: initiates abduction
c. Infraspinatus- O: infraspinous fossa
I: middle facet of greater tuberosity
I: suprascapular nerve (C4,5,6)
A: external rotation of humerus
d. Teres Minor- O: upper 2/3 lateral border of scapula
I: inferior facet of greater tuberosity
I: axillary nerve (C4,5,6)
A: adduction and external rotation of humerus
e. Teres Major- O: inferior angle and lateral border of scapula
I: medial lip of intertubercular groove
I: lower subscapular nerve (C6,7)
A: extend shoulder, adduct and medially rotate humerus
f. SubclaviusO: junction of 1st rib ad costal cartilage
I: inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle
I: nerve to subclavius (C5,6)
A: stabilizes clavicle with shoulder motions
g. Pect. Minor- O: ribs 3,4,5
I: coracoid process
I: medial pectoral nerve (C6,7,8)
A: scapular protraction and downward rotation
h. Pect Major- O: clavicle, manubrium, sternum and 1-6 costal cartilage
I: lateral lip of intertubercular groove
I: medial and lateral pectoral nerves ( C5,6,7,8, T1)
A: adduction and interior rotation of humerus
i: Serratus Anterior-O: ribs 1-8
I: medial aspect of costal surface of scapula
I: long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7)
A: protract and upwardly rotate scapula
j. Levator Scapulae- O: T.P. pf C1-4
I: medial superior ankle of scapula
I: dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5)
A: retract and elevate scapula
k. Rhomboids-
l. Trapezius-
m. Deltoid-
O: S.P. of C7, T1-5
I: medial border of scapula
I: dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5)
A: retract and elevate scapula
O: nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, S.P. of C7-T12
I: lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
I: spinal root of accessory nerve (CNXI)
A: upper- elevates scapula
middle- retract scapula
lower- depress scapula
O: lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity
I: axillary nerve (C5,6)
A: anterior- flex and internally rotate humerus
middle- abduct humerus
posterior- extend and externally rotate humerus