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Computational Cognitive Neuroscience Lab Today: Second session Computational Cognitive Neuroscience Lab » Today: » Homework is due Friday, Feb 10 » This homework has more projects than the last, but fewer questions per project Bias Weights » Why do we have them? » Why are some higher than others in the transform project? Local vs. Distributed Representations » Counting on your fingers--how high can you count?? » 10, using a localist representation » Using a distributed representation, such as a binary code, we can count to 1024! What is clamping? » An analogy to cellular physiology, where electrodes are inserted into cells to control the membrane potential » Types of clamps: current clamp, voltage clamp » Clamping just means to externally force a state upon the cell Bidirectional connectivity » What we have seen so far: bottomup, or stimulus-driven excitation » Now: top-down, or hypothesisdriven excitation » What does top-down mean? Imagine What does top-down mean? » Customary terminology: bottom is stimulus, top is a brain-state » Bottom-up: think about a loud noise that makes you jump » Top-down: What if you knew to expect a loud noise? That expectation might make you jump less when you finally hear it Inhibition » » » » Benefits Mechanisms K-winners-take-all Sparse, distributed codes