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P&I Technologies The following PowerPoint presentation is a self extracting standalone slide show. To move forward or backward through the show simply use the arrow keys on your keyboard. Some of the slides contain animation, so to appreciate the full content, make sure you view the presentation in “Presentation Mode” (press F5 key) then on each slide, wait a few seconds for the motion to stop before advancing to the next slide. 1 P&I Technologies P&I Technologies LECTURE SERIES Protection, Control & Metering of an Electrical Grid 2 On-site Training Realize the value of bringing training on-site Flexible Cost-effective (one fixed cost) Allows as many or as few employees as you need No travel expenses Delivered when/where you want 3 On-site Training Realize the value of bringing training on-site Real-world training & solutions customized to your business Lower training costs A consistent learning experience Training courses can be delivered “off-the-shelf” Slightly modified or completely customized to your needs Designed for immediate, measurable results 4 On-site Training Benefits Courses are planned around individual/department schedules Delivered in any format Teams learn with real-world, mission-specific examples Productivity maintain with flexible course scheduling Train groups of employees to significantly reduce expenses Tailor the course material to fulfill corporate needs/expectations 5 On-site Training Methodology 1 Assess Client’s Needs 2 Design Course Around Assessment 3 Collaborate on Delivery Dates, Time & Duration 4 Program Delivery 5 Follow-up 6 Core P&I Courses Basic Electrical Theory Digital – Electric Circuits Basic Power Metering Basic Power System Protection & Control Advanced Protection & Control Transformer Fundamentals Safety Awareness & Arc Flash 7 Core P&I Courses BasicElectrical ElectricalTheory Theory Basic Digital – Electric Circuits Basic Power Metering Basic Power System Protection & Control Advanced Protection & Control Transformer Fundamentals Safety Awareness & Arc Flash 8 Basic Electrical Theory Introduces the fundamental concepts of AC/DC electrical circuits, which form the basis to all electrical/electronic systems Upon completion participants will be familiar with: • Ohm's Law, Series and Parallel Circuits • Kirchhoff's Laws • DC Network Analysis & Metering Circuits • Conductors and Insulators • Capacitors, Inductors and Electromagnetism • Complex Numbers, Reactance and Impedance • Transformers • Polyphase AC Circuits • Power Factor • AC Metering • AC Motors • Transmission Lines 9 SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS Parallel IT IR1 IR2 IR3 VT RT IT VT = I1R1 = I2R2 = I3R3 VT = ITRT or IT = IT = I1 + I2 + I3 or VT VT VT VT or = + + R1 R2 R3 RT VT RT 1 1 1 1 RT = R1 + R2 + R3 10 Core P&I Courses Basic Electrical Theory Digital Digital––Electric ElectricCircuits Circuits Basic Power Metering Basic Power System Protection & Control Advanced Protection & Control Transformer Fundamentals Safety Awareness & Arc Flash 11 Digital – Electric Circuits Introduces binary logic concepts fundamental to understanding modern digital systems Upon completion participants will be familiar with: • • • • • • • • • • Binary Arithmetic Logic Gates & Switches Electromechanical Relays Boolean Algebra & Karnaugh Mapping Combinational Logic Functions Sequential Circuits, Shift Registers Digital-Analog Conversion Digital Communication Digital Storage (Memory) Principles of Digital Computing 12 Core P&I Courses Basic Electrical Theory Digital – Electric Circuits Basic Power Metering Basic Power System Protection & Control Advanced Protection & Control Transformer Fundamentals Safety Awareness & Arc Flash 13 Basic Power Metering Introduces the fundamentals of instrument and revenue metering in utilities and industry Upon completion participants will be familiar with: • • • • • • • • • The operation and components of polyphase watthour meters Various Metering Standards, Instrument Transformer connections Blondel’s Theorem 120/240 single phase connections and metering 3 Phase 3 Wire metering 3 Phase 4 Wire metering Phasor Diagrams How to take Cross Wattmeter Readings How to calculate metering quantities using various formulas 14 Basic Power Metering WT = (V1 x I1) + (-V2 x I2) Circuit: 1-Phase, 3-Wire Meter: 1-Phase, 3-Wire “A”-Base, CT’s 15 Basic Power Metering WT = (V1 x I1) + (-V2 x I2) Circuit: 1-Phase, 3-Wire Meter: 1-Phase, 3-Wire “A”-Base, CT’s 16 Basic Power Metering WT = (V1 x I1) + (-V2 x I2) Circuit: 1-Phase, 3-Wire Meter: 1-Phase, 3-Wire “A”-Base, CT’s 17 Core P&I Courses Basic Electrical Theory Digital – Electric Circuits Basic Power Metering Basic BasicPower Power System System Protection Protection && Control Advanced Protection & Control Transformer Fundamentals Safety Awareness & Arc Flash 18 Basic Power System Protection & Control Introduces concepts which are common to P&I and basic principles of protective relaying Upon completion participants will be able to: • • • • • • • Verify feeder protection settings/co‐ordination Calibrate, function test, test trip, take and analyze cross readings Identify common types of faults & their effect on the power system Calibrate various type relays (over current, voltage and timing) Perform function tests on feeder protections Take a set of cross readings and plot the results Determine if the input quantities are correct 19 Basic Power System Protection & Control 3 Ph Step-down Wye - Delta Transformer H1 H1 H2 H3 H2 H3 Single Line Schematic VBR-sec Vrw-sec VWB-sec 20 Core P&I Courses Basic Electrical Theory Digital – Electric Circuits Basic Power Metering Basic Power System Protection & Control Advanced Protection & Control Transformer Fundamentals Safety Awareness & Arc Flash 21 Advanced Protection & Control The protection & control principles of High Voltage Stations Upon completion participants will be: • Familiar with calibration and functional test of line relays • Trip testing • Analyze current versus phase angle readings • Familiar with typical relaying philosophy at high voltage stations • Current Procedures and Practices related to modern P&C discipline • Microprocessor Based relaying • The IEC61850 standard and SCADA Based Telemetering • The Smart Grid 22 Advanced Protection & Control Remote Trip Protection Instantaneous Tripping Instantaneous Tripping 23 Core P&I Courses Basic Electrical Theory Digital – Electric Circuits Basic Power Metering Basic Power System Protection & Control Advanced Protection & Control Transformer Fundamentals Safety Awareness & Arc Flash 24 Transformer Fundamentals The basic principles of all types of transformers that can be found in most High Voltage Stations and industry Upon completion participants will be familiar with: • • • • • • • • • • Mutual inductance and basic operation Phasing & Winding configurations Voltage regulation Potential & Current transformers Air core transformers Power capacity, Energy losses Stray capacitance and inductance Core saturation Inrush current Oil Insulation & degasification 25 Core P&I Courses Basic Electrical Theory Digital – Electric Circuits Basic Power Metering Basic Power System Protection & Control Advanced Protection & Control Transformer Fundamentals Safety Awareness & Arc Flash 26 Safety Awareness & Arc Flash Safety Orientation The fundamental concepts of electricity The effects of electricity on the human body Recognizing common electrical hazards Hazard Assessment Electrical Protective Devices Lockout/Tagout 27 Safety Awareness & Arc Flash Arc Flash Identify Hazards Busway Surveying of undocumented areas Obtaining up to date One-Line and Short Circuit Studies Reduce Hazards Purge ALL Non-Current Limiting Fuses Install RK5 Fuses in bus plugs up to 200 Amp Install RK1 Fuses in bus plugs above 200 Amp Protect Using the Arc Flash Calculator to Identify Arc Flash Energy and Hazard Category Printing and Appling Labels to ALL panels identifying Hazard Class and Appropriate PPE 28 Safety Awareness & Arc Flash How Arc Flash Incidents Occur Phase to ground or multi-phase short circuit by: Conductive tool during maintenance or other work activity Dirt, moisture, insects, or animals Mechanical failure of non-current carrying parts Mechanical failure of current carrying parts Loose connection in current carrying parts 29 Safety Awareness & Arc Flash 30 Safety Awareness & Arc Flash Racking 480 volt circuit breakers on and off the bus require at least this level of PPE! What is wrong with this picture? 31 Samples of Courses Basic Concepts of Electricity 32 Samples of Courses (cont’d) Basic Concepts of Electricity 33 Samples of Courses (cont’d) Basic Concepts of Electricity 34 Samples of Courses (cont’d) AND Gates Buffers 35 Samples of Courses (cont’d) Fuses Sectionalizers Bus Main Protection 36 Samples of Courses (cont’d) Circuit Breakers Basic Anti-Pump Logic 37 Samples of Courses (cont’d) Solid State Relays Instantaneous Overcurrent Relay Typical Electro-Mechanical Time Overcurrent Relay 38 Samples of Courses (cont’d) High Impedance Differential Protection 39 Samples of Courses (cont’d) Pilot Wire Protection 40 Samples of Courses (cont’d) X X stn A stn B X X Load X R(fault) Z(line)=R(L)+jX(L) (line end with 3ph short cct applied) Impedance Relaying stn B R(fault) Z(relay)=R(fault)+Z(line partial) Z (load) Z (op)=Z(relay)=Z (line)+Z (load) Z' (op)=Z(relay)=Z (line)+Z(load') (where load' > load) Z(load') Zone II relay charateristic Z' (op) stn A Z (op) system operating point R The effect of Z(load) is much more significant compared to Z(line), here we show the vector summation of Z(relay)=Z(line)+Z(load). The true system operating point is outside the zone II relay charateristic and near the "R" axis. 41 Samples of Courses (cont’d) Smart Grids Electricity Markets 42 Design Course Around Assessment Determining the content of the course(s) 1) Basic Electrical Theory 2) Digital – Electric Circuits 3) Basic Power Metering 4) Basic Power System Protection & Control 5) Advanced Protection & Control 6) Transformer Fundamentals Determining the content of the course(s) is based on the assessment of the clients’ Requirements 43 Design Course Around Assessment Determining the client’s equipment/infrastructure High Impedance Differential Protection Impedance Relaying Bus Main Protection Transmission Lines Transformers Circuit Breakers Fuses Electrical Instrumentation Sectionalizers Electrical Safety 44 Design Course Around Assessment Determining the client’s equipment/infrastructure 45 Assessing Client’s Needs Who are the target learners? • Evaluate what is required to bring them up to the same level as a starting point for the P&I training sessions What is the system’s infrastructure? • Determine what electrical equipment the client is looking to maintain 46 On-site Training 47 Dates and Time dependent on the Client and Attendees Duration dependent on: Assessment of the attendees skill level How much the client wants added to the sessions 48 On-site Training 49 At a location of the clients choice Laptop computer (PowerPoint) generated format Projection equipment supplied by client or instructor Tour of clients facilities to point out lesson examples Logistical breaks (coffee, lunch etc.) provided by the client 50 On-site Training 51 P&I Technologies will stay in touch for new training updates Repeat session for new employees can be arranged Small training modules can be designed around new equipment Client can request other lessons for development by vendor (P&I Technologies) P&I Technologies will be looking to partner with manufactures of protection and control equipment to provide specific product sessions in the future 52 Instructor Professional Experience Siemens - Business Development Manager T&D AECON Industrial - Business Development Manager – Nuclear Wardrop Engineering - Divisional Manager Business Development – Power Sector Graham Van Brunt B. Sc.; P. Eng. CFLCO. (Churchill Falls Labrador Corp.) – Director Operations & Maintenance of the Power facility comprised of 11 hydraulic generators; output 5,400 MW over multiple EHV lines DST Consulting Engineers (Marketing) - Corporate Marketing Manager Ontario Hydro (Marketing) - Energy Service Manager, Customer Energy Manager, Sr. Marketing Supervisor Ontario Hydro (Engineering) - Sr. Protection & Instrumentation Instructor Pakistan, Sr. Protection & Control Engineer Confederation College (Thunder Bay) - Instructor - Electrical Education Queen’s University – Kingston, Ontario B. Sc. Electrical Engineering Wilfrid Laurier University – Waterloo, Ontario – School of Business 53 Contact us at: P&I Technologies Graham Van Brunt B. Sc.; P. Eng. 54 P&I Technologies End 55